Vol. vm. No. 87. xJANUARY^1903 \ Price 10 cents 




IC LIBRARY 



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'Prinpeh* 

^ Edited by \ 

tJ. E.SULLIVAN 



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No. 12. — Assentation Foot Ball, Contains 
valuable information diagrams of play and rules. 
No. 13.— How to Play Hand Ball. By M. W. 
Deshong, the well known American authority. 
No. 14 — Curling. Rules and regulations. 
No. 16— How to Become a Skater. By G. D. 
Phillips, for years the American champion. 
Contains chapter for Doys and advice for begin- 
ners. Figure skating thoroughly explained. 

No. 18 — Fencing. Any boy, by following the 
diagrams can become an expert with the foils. 

No. 20 — How to Play Cricket. A complete 

book, with illustrations showing every position. 

No. 23— Canoeing. Paddling, sailing, cruising 

and racing, with hints on rig and management. 

N o . 27 — College A th letics. A I . 

C. Murphy, America's foremost 

athletic trainer, now with Yale, 

is the author, and it was written 

especially for the schoolboy and 

college man. 

No. 29— Pulley Weights. By Dr. Henry S. 
Anderson. In conjunction with a chest ma- 
chine, any one can become perfectly developed. 

No. 30— How to Play Lacrosse. By W. H. Cor. 
bett. Rules of the game and diagrams of play t 

No. 32— Practical Ball /"laying. By Arthur 
Irwin, for years one of America's best ball 
players. It contains interesting articles on in- 
dividual and team work, essentials of a good 
batsman, with instructive hints to the players. 

No. 37— All Around Athletics. Gives in full 
the method of scoring the All Around Champion- 
ships, giving percentage tables showing what 
each man receives for each performance in each 
of the ten events. It contains instructive articles 
on how to train, and a complete list of all the 
all-around champions. 

No. 39 — Lawn Bowls. The ancient English 
game fully described by Henry Chadwick. 

No. 40 — Archery. An introductory chapter 
on the use of the bow and arrow; archery of the 
present day; with practical illustrations. 

No. . r >.") — Official Spotting Rules Contains 
rules for government of many sports not found in 
other publications: wrestling, cross-conntry run. 
ning, shuffleboard, skating, snowshoeing, profes_ 
sional racing, racquets, pigeon flying; dog racing 
quoits, potato racing, pistol shooting. 

No. tj(i — Tech nit at Terms of Base Ball. Com- 
piled by Henry Chadwick, the " Father of Base 
Ball.'' It is one of the most useful and instruct- 
ive works ever issued by the veteran writer. 

No. 87 — Athletic Primer. 
Edited by T.E.Sullivan. _ Tells 
how to organize an athletic club, 
how to construct an athletic field 
and track, how to conduct an 
athletic meeting, with a special 
n training. Fully illustrated. 





No. 91— How to Swing I mi inn 
Clubs. By Prof. E.B. Warman. The 
most complete ever issued. 

No. 102— Ground Tumbling. Any 
boy by reading this book and follow- 
ing the instructions and illustra- 
tions which are photographed from 
life, can become a proficient tumbler. 
No. 104 — Grading of Gyinnastic 
By G. M. Martin, Physical Director of the Y. M . 
C. A. of Youngstown,Ohio. Should bein the hand 
of every Y. M. C. A. physical director, schools 
college, club, etc. The standard publication. 

No. 116 — Lawn Hockey, Tether Ball, Squash 
Ball and Golf Croquet. Contains the rules foJ 
each game with diagrams ; illustrated. 
^ No. 119— How to Play Foot Ball. By Walte 
Camp. How the game should be played, qua/ 
ter-back play, half-back play and back, ph 
how signals are given, training, etc. 

No. 124— How to Become a Gymnast. 
boy who frequents a gymnasium or who h; 
horizontal bar or parallel bars at his comms 
with a little practice can become proficient.) 
No. 126— Ice Hockey and Ice Polo. Wrf 
by the most famous player in America, A. 
rell, of the Shamrock team. Complete def 
tion of games, points of a good player, nil* 

No. 127 — Swimming. By Dr. W. 
G. Douglas, New York A. C, one 
of America's most famous amateur 
champion swimmers and water polo 
players. This book makes it easy 
for any one to become a swimmer. 

No. 128— Hoiv to Bow. By E. J- 
Giannini, N. Y. A. C, one of Ampri^ 
famous amateur oarsmen and chamj 
No. 129— Water Polo. By Gus Sul 
veteran instructor of the New Yd 
Club. Water polo has taken a very) 
in America during the past few years! 
is the most practical ever published { 

No. 135— Official Handbook of til 
of the United States. The A. A. I . 
erning body of athletics in the Ui( 
and all games must be held nude,- 
which are exclusively published in tf 

No. 136— Official V. M. C. ^.™ 
Edited by G. T. Hepbron, the wel 
letic authority. Contains official 
athletic rules, official records and s 
pentathlon rules and many photos 

No. 138— Croquet Guide. By, 
book anyone can become a good p\ 

No. 140— Wrestling. Catch as caj 
Illustrated^ All the different hold) 
can, with little effort, learn every 

No. 1A1— Basket Ball for Women) 
Miss Senda Berenson of Smith Coll* 
tains very valuable information for 
spectators, special articles and the or 



Numbers omitted on above list have been renumbered and brought up to date. 

AMERICAN SPORTS PUBLISHING CO., ,6 an V 8 w p ^ 

See inside page of back cover ton continuation of,*' 



■ 




' 




An 

Athletic 
Primer 

Edited by 

James E. Sullivan 


How to Organize a 
Club. 

How to Construct an 

Athletic Field and 

Track. 

How to Conduct a 
Meeting. 

Rules for the Govern- 
ment of an Athletic 
Meeting. 


•j 



Published by the American Sports Publishing Co. 
i 6 and i 8 Park Place, New York 



Copyright, 1902, by the American Sports Publishing Company 



1 Hfc Ul*RA»<Y Of 
CONGRESS, 


Two Copies Received 


JAW 2 1903 


rt Copyright Lntty 


\uiAS.1.~iq9& 


CLASS CLs XXc. No. 


copy b. 



/ 

,S2 



PREFACE 

It is a remarkable fact that throughout the United States there are 
many officials connected with athletic clubs and associations encour- 
aging amateur sport who know very little about the actual manage- 
ment of an athletic meeting. This applies to schools, clubs and 
colleges in many instances ; in fact, the writer has repeatedly received 
from students and club men communications pertaining to the man- 
agement of games, that would easily convince anyone that the athletic 
rules had never been read by them. A careful glance over the pages 
of this Athletic Primer will show just what field the publication is 
expected to fill. It is primarily a publication issued in the interest 
*•• pf»thtk&fe>atSur Athletff JJjiioji of the United States, the governing 
athle'tic organization,* alid it \tfill be a valuable addition«to the work 
*l *^*e3ckyj:)erfpu«.ed'by that«organization in encouraging and promoting 
« l ♦Amaie^V^pa^ti*'0^ s 'tl' irou g n * )1 5 t *^ ie United States. The publication of 
this pamphlet is done to encourage all organizations to give their 
games uuder recognized rules and to encourage the formation of 
athletic clubs throughout the country. While it is intended for 
novices, it will be a valuable pamphlet to be in the hands of all 
college students, schoolboys and members of athletic clubs and 
gymnasiums throughout the United Siates. 



ATHLETIC GROUNDS AND GAMES 

BY W. B. CURTIS 

Long before George Washington beat his opponents at the running 
broad jump, the gentlemen of America were accustomed to compete 
against each other in various manly games, but the history of organ- 
ized amateur athletic sport dates back less than a generation. During 
this time there have been two periods of remarkable activity. The 
first was from 1876 to 1878, in which a new club was formed almost 
every week in the neighborhood of New York City, and a dozen 
athletic meetings were held weekly from Washington's Birthday clear 
up to Thanksgiving Day. On one occasion, each of two meetings, 
held the same day, had more than 750 entries, and an examination of 
the programme at one of them showed that entries had been received 
from more than 150 different clubs. This growth was too rapid to 
be permanent, and since then the number of clubs has steadily 
decreased, some dying a natural death and others having been 
absorbed by their larger neighbors. Meetings have also become less 
frequent, and public interest in athletic sports has not been main- 
tained as could have been done by wiser management. During the 
past twelve months there has been a similar revival, but with change 
of locality, little increased interest being shown in the neighbor- 
hood of New York City, but great activity all over the country, and 
in scores of cities and towns which heretofore have known nothing of 
athletic sports, are now to be found clubs and grounds and meetings. 
Naturally, the promoters of these institutions have much to learn, 
and we have received, during the past year, hundreds of letters seek- 
ing information concerning all the details of athletic sport. The 
scattered information given in answer to these letters, here a little 
and there a little, would, if grouped together, be almost a handbook 
for athletic meetings, and it is the purpose of this article to make 
such a compendium of useful information. Those who think that 
undue space is given to the A, B, C of elementary athletic knowledge 
should remember that this instruction is meant for persons of limited 



ATHLETIC GROUNDS AND G \MKS. 

experience, and who have not enjoyed the advantages of a liberal 
athletic education, such as is within easy reach of New York City. 
It is not intended to teach professional trainers how to build and care 
for an athletic track, or to instruct the New York Athletic Club 
or the Seventh Regiment in the management of athletic meetings. 
But it is desired to furnish valuable information to athletes who live 
far from the metropolis and have no opportunity to learn by observa- 
tion many things which are commonly known here. The wished-for 
end will have been attained if the new clubs forming in Maine, or 
Georgia, or Minnesota shall be hereby enabled to perfect their 
grounds and improve the management of their meetings. 



TEMPORARY TRACKS 

The first requisite for athletic sport is a track. Many new clubs 
are unable to procure grounds and build a path during their first year, 
and are obliged to make temporary provision for their opening games. 
Any field large enough for a base ball match is large enough for an 
athletic meeting. The committee should mark out a path of such 
size and shape as the limits or the grounds will allow, not trying to 
lay it out of any uneven circuit, but making it of the best attainable 
dimensions, no matter how much or how little it may measure. Then 
mark the outer and inner borders of the track by rows of toy flags, or, 
better still, by ropes and stakes; measure carefully and mark plainly 
by whitewashed lines the start and finish of each distance which any 
contestant must travel, and erect one or two tents, furnished with a 
plentiful supply of wash-bowls, water and chairs. These arrange- 
ments may seem rude and primitive, but there have been occasionally, 
in America, and frequent]}' in England, meetings given in such man- 
ner, which were well managed, interesting to spectators, and satis- 
factory to both promoters and contestants. 

If a regular base ball ground can be procured, there will, of course, 
be the advantage of fences, stands and dressing rooms already at 
hand. A track can be marked out, passing between the catcher's 
position and, the backstop; going outside the first and third bases 
and reaching as far hack into the field as may be convenient. 




John Flanagan, 7uorld's record holder at throwing the hammer, 
getting a good swing he/ore he starts his throw. 



ATHLETIC GROUNDS AND GAMES. 



PERMANENT GROUNDS 

When the new club feels able to build a path for itself, the size of 
the grounds will, of course, be limited by the state of its treasury, 
and by its ability to procure such a field as it may wish. 

Grounds much smaller than the ordinary quarter-mile track can be 
made successful. The Manhattan Athletic Club, during the first live 
years of its existence, had grounds less than 200 feet wide and less 
than 246 feet long, apian of which is given in Fig. I, omitting the 




Fig. 1. 
fences. The path was one-eighth of a mile in circuit, rectangular, 
with rounded corners, and, to obtain 100 yards straightaway, it was 
found necessary to build a straight path diagonally across the field 
from corner to corner, and even then the finish was up a steep bank 
and against the fence beyond. The grand stand was located outside 
of the track in one of the corners, and the dressing rooms between 
the east end of the track and the fence. Yet out of these small 
grounds the club grew and prospered; gave unusually successful 
athletic meetings, and found the path in frequent demand by other 



ATHLETIC GROUNDS AND GAMES. g 

clubs. Around this eighth of a mile track L. E. Meyers ran 130 
yards in I3^s.; 300 yards in 32JS.; a quarter-mile in 49§s., and a 
half-mile in im. 56^-s. ; also 250 yards in 26s. — the fastest American 
amateur record — 400 yards in 43'^., and 660 yards in 1111. 22s. ; two 
performances which are still the fastest amateur records in the world. 
In the spring of 1883, the Manhattan Athletic Club secured a lease 
of the lot bounded by Eighty-sixth and Eighty-seventh streets, 
Eighth and Ninth Avenues, 200 feet wide by 800 feet long, and 
made of this the best athletic ground in the neighborhood of New 
York City. A ground plan of these grounds is shown in Fig. 2, 




omitting the fences and also that portion of the field west of the 
quarter-mile path. The path was a quarter-mile in circuit, two straight 
sides about 150 yards in length, connected by curved ends somewhat 
flatter than semi-circles, and about 79 yards in circuit. The north or 
straight side of the path was prolonged to the western fence, making a 
220 yards straightaway course, the fastest and best ever used for that 
purpose in America. The diagram which is shown in Fig. 2 
sufficiently indicates the general arrangement of the grounds, which, 
although the best near the metropolis, could have been bettered had 
the limits of the land allowed. The outside width of the grounds, 
from street to street, was 201 feet 5 inches, and being a sunken lot, 12 
or 15 feet below the street level, the sloping banks on either side 
reducing the actual width of the available ground to about 180 feet. 
The path, laid out inside these limits, was unavoidably longer and 




Putting the shot — t/u deliveiy, {John DeWitt^ Princeton.) 



ATHLETIC GROUNDS AND GAMES. II 

narrower than desirable; it was necessary to place the grandstand 
at one end instead of at one side of the path, and the inner field was 
somewhat cramped for foot ball, lacrosse and base ball. 

When the selected grounds are ample, it becomes necessary to de- 
cide upon the most desirable size of the track. Of course, the larger a 
path is, the larger its straight sides, and the more infrequent its 
curves, the faster an athlete can run around it, and if speed were the 
only matter at issue, a mile track would be better than any smaller 
size, and a two-mile path better than one of only a mile in circuit. 
But, on the other hand, the difference in speed for foot-racing between 
a mile circuit and a perfectly shaped quarter-mile or third of a mile 
path is so small as to be practically of no moment; spectators do not 
enjoy races on large tracks, where the men are at times so far away 
as to be almost unrecognizable, and officials cannot so conveniently 
or correctly judge on large paths, while the first cost and subsequent 
bills for maintenance are, of course, larger for every foot of added 
size. During the past eight years there have been in the vicinity of 
New York City public athletic meetings, in the open air or in covered 
buildings, on tracks of the following sizes: One-mile, half-mile, 
four-elevenths of a mile, one-third mile, one-quarter mile, one-fifth 
mile, one-sixth mile, one-seventh mile, one-eighth mile, one-ninth 
mile, one-tenth mile, one-eleventh mile, one-twelfth mile, one-four- 
teenth mile and one-sixteenth mile. The more intelligent observers 
seem to agree that, after considering the speed and safety of the con- 
testants, the comforts of spectators, convenience of officials, and the 
cost of building and maintenance, a quarter-mile path is the most 
desirable for purely athletic use, while a third of a mile or even a 
half-mile, is better for bicycling. 

These two classes of amateur sport prefer different forms of path. 
For foot-racing, a path with four straight sides, joined by tolerably 
short but properly graded curves which are quarter circles, has been 
found by experience to be the fastest possible shape. But a bicyclist 
could not negotiate such corners at full speed, and the best shape for 
wheel races is undoubtedly that of the most approved trotting track 
—two straight sides, connected by two semi-circular ends, the ends 
and sides to be of equal length. If a club has ground enough and 
can afford the expense, it would be better to build two concentric 




getting 



V. A. C, at Celtic Park, L. I., balancing and 
ready for a good put with the shot. 



ATHLETIC GROUNDS AND GAMES. 13 

paths, as shown in Fig. 3; the inner for athletic gani.es, a quarter- 
mile in circuit, rectangular, with quarter-circle corners, and the outer 
for bicycling, a third of a mile in circuit, with two straight sides, 
each 440 feet in length, and two semi-circular ends, each 440 feet in 
circuit. Unfortunately, few clubs have either grounds large enough 
or purses long enough for two such tracks, and must be contented 
with one. 

Bicycling is now a recognized sport in America, with thousands of 
enthusiastic followers. There are about as many clubs of wheelmen 
as of athletes, and it frequently happens that in a young city will be 
found an athletic club and a bicycle club, each anxious to have 
grounds and to give meeetings, and neither pecuniarily able to do so 
unaided, but succeed by compromising their differences and pooling 
their resources. Where there is no bicycle club there are commonly 
many individual riders, and the promoters of athletic meetings are 
accustomed to add to their programmes one or more wheel races, 
both to increase their entry list and to entertain the spectators. 
These facts make it desirable that the paths of athletic clubs should, 
to as great extent as possible, be suitable for bicycle races, and we 
give in Fig. 4 the ground plan of a path which would be best adapted 
to the circumstances surrounding nine-tenths of all our athletic 
clubs. 

This is a quarter-mile path, with one side prolonged so far as the 
grounds wall allow for a straightaway course. The straight sides are 
I IO yards in length and 69 yards 1 inch apart. These sides are 
joined at either end by semi-circles of no yards. This form of path 
is the best possible for bicycling, and also quite satisfactory for foot- 
racing; easy for contestants and not naturally slower than the Model 
A in Fig. 3 — four straight sides joined by curved corners, Under no 
circumstances should the path be less than 12 feet wide, and 15 feet or iS 
feet should be obtained if possible. If it is not practicable to make the 
whole path 18 feet or 20 feet wide, that breadth should certainly be 
given to the straightaway — finish side (from 15 to A, in Fig. 4). The 
outer edge of the path should be a stout picket fence, not less than 
four feet high, continuous around the wdiole path, except where the 
grand stand serves in its s'.ead. There may be in this fence as many 
gates as convenience requires, but during athletic meetings all should 



ATHLETIC GROUNDS AND GAMES. 



15 



be securely locked, save the one at the grand stand (W, in Fig. 4). 
A fence between the track and the inner field, found on old-fashioned 
grounds, is a useless nuisance. 

The grand stand should be located as shown at D, in Fig. 4, on 
the other side of the track from the finish of all the races. If there 
be not room on the side, on account of the narrowness of the grounds, 
it can be put in one corner, as at the Manhattan A. C. Grounds ((', 
Fig. 2). The worst place of all is on the same side with the finish 
line, which works very well in horse-racing, but is unsatisfactory in 
athietics, because the occupants of the stands cannot see the con- 
testants well as they near the finish line and, in an interesting race, 
always jump up, one after the other, until everybody is standing and 
no ore except those in the front rank can see. The floor of the front 




Fig. 3. 
row of seats on the stand should not be less than six feet above the 
level of the track, so that the view of the spectators can never be 
obstructed by persons standing or walking in front of the stands. 
On the outer edge of the path, in front of the grand stand, there 
should be a single row of seats reserved exclusively for contestants 
and officials not actively engaged in the contests then taking place. 

The space under the grand stand should be used for dressing rooms, 
bath rooms, closets, etc. It is better to divide it into four or five 
small rooms than to make one large hall. The dressing rooms should 
have a plentiful supply of chairs, tables and looking glasses, and the 



ATHLETIC GROUNDS AND GAMES. 



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ATHLETIC GROUNDS AND GAMES. 



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bath rooms a liberal array of bowls and tubs. Along the side of the 
hall near the door (V, Fig. 4) should be an office with a stand of small 
lock-boxes, on the same plan as those used in public bathing estab- 
lishments, in one of which each contestant may deposit his money and 
jewelry and take the key. Outside the room, along the side of the 
hall, should be a rack for the numbers used by the contestants, so 
that as each one goes out to the path he may obtain his correct num- 
ber and pin it on his shirt. 

In the spaces marked E and F, Fig. 4, club houses can be built 
whenever the state of the treasury warrants such an outlay. The one 
in the corner, F, can include parlors, reading rooms and billiard 
rooms, while the one at E can be used as dressing room, locker room 
and bath room for the club members, as well as residence for the 
track master, if desired. Until this house is built one of the dressing 
rooms and bath rooms under the grand stand should be reserved 
exclusively for club members. 

On either side of the path, at places marked II, U, II, II, Fig. 4 t 
rows of free seats can be erected, as many as are found to be necessary. 

The position of the base ball diamond, catcher's path and back- 
stop are clearly shown in Fig. 4, I and O. It may be shifted a little 
in either direction, if found desirable. 

M, N, S and T, Fig. 4, represents the position of the four goal 
posts for foot ball. The best way to arrange them is to sink four 
posts, a foot in diameter and four feet long, two inches below the 
surface of the field. These posts have in their upper ends holes a 
foot deep, into which the goal posts fit. When not in use remove the 
goal posts, put wooden plugs into the holes and cover up the sunken 
posts, so as to leave the ground unobstructed. 

The inner held may also be readily used for lacrosse, whose goal 
flags can be taken up and put down without previous preparation. 
All that portion of the inner field beginning at the upper end of the 
path and reaching down toward the base ball diamond as far as is 
found necessary, may be marked into lawn tennis courts. 

The press stand should be one row of seats raised at least six feet 
above the path, right across the finish line, where the reporters can 
see everything, ask questions of the officials who are congregated at 
the finish line, and conveniently obtain all the information for their 



ATHLETIC GROUNDS AND GAMES. 21 

business. This stand should he- carefully guarded, and admittance 
refused to all persons save actual reporters. If athletic clubs wish 
their games reported kindly and correctly, they need not furnish to 
reporters what they do not want, namely, free lunch, free cigars, free 
whiskey and free "blarney," but should provide instead what they 
need, namely, elbow room to work comfortably, freedom from annoy- 
ance from outsiders, positions where they can see all that is to be 
seen and hear all thai is to be heard, and courteous, prompt and sat- 
isfactory answers to all questions asked of the officials concerning any 
matters about which they need information. 

The turf path for hurdle racing should be laid out about as shown 
at C, Fig. 4, not less than 16 feet wide and 140 yards long. When 
not in use the hurdles are kept outside the path, whose start and 
finish are marked only by pegs driven down even with the surface of 
the ground, so that the field is not obstructed except when the hurdles 
are in use. Of course, if the turf be not good at the indicated place, 
the hurdle races may be run elsewhere in the field, but the game 
demands smooth, firm turf, and especial care should be taken to pro- 
vide such a path. 

The American custom is to run and walk with the left side toward 
the curb, and the finish line of all races should be as shown at B, 
Fig. 4, near the end of the final straight line, directly in front of the 
press stand and across the field from the. grand stand. The most 
convenient positions for the places arranged for jumping and pole 
leaping are shown at P, Q and R, Fig. 4. If the circles for shot, 
hammer and 56-lb. weight are located about as shown at J, K and L, 
Fig. 4, it will be found that their use will not mar the turf of the 
base ball diamond; that the shot and 56 will fall into the same alight- 
ing-ground, thus lessening the injury to the grass, and that the ham- 
mer-thrower, let him throw as erratically as he may, will be unable to 
kill a spectator. 

It is, of course, well enough to have the path laid out by a surveyor 
or civil engineer, but where it is essential to save expense an intelli- 
gent committee can do the work satisfactorily. To lay out the path 
shown in Fig. 4, first mark out by a row of small wooden pegs a 
straight line down the centre of the field from one end to the other. 
On this line stick two large pegs, 540 feet 1 inch apart, marking the 



ATHLEEIC GROUNDS AND GAMES. 23 

point where it is wished to have the extreme points of the end of the 
path. From these two large pegs measure off 105 feet % inch toward 
the centre and mark the points by stakes. Then with a wire 105 feet 
5 inches in length, held at one end against the stakes and having at 
the other a sharp spike, scratch out on the ground the semi-circular 
ends; mark them out by rows of small pegs and connect their ends by 
similar rows of pegs, which will be the straight sides. Then measure 
carefully around the course thus marked out by pegs, and if it is 
found a few inches longer or shorter than a quarter mile, adjust some 
of the end pegs so as to make it exactly correct. Then mark out" the 
line for the curb, iS inches inside this measurement line, all around 
the field, and the track is laid out as well as could be done by any 
engineer. 

The curb should be of 3x9 inch wood, three inches above the path 
and six inches under ground, so as to be firm. This should be bent 
around the curves by sawing slits into its inner edges as frequently as 
necessary, thus making the line of the curl) true and not a succession 
of straight edges, as is sometimes seen. Holes should be bored 
through this curb every few feet, just at the surface of the path, so as 
to allow the water to run through into the inner field, and there 
should be, just inside of the curb, an open ditch or covered drain to 
receive the water. The track should have a slope from outside to 
inside of about an inch in ten feet, just enough so that the water will 
run off freely into the inner field. The lowest part of the path should 
not be less than three inches above the level of the inner field, so that 
in wet weather the path will drain freely and promptly. 

On the ends the path should be sloped up from the curl), so that 
runners or wheelmen can attack the curbs fearlessly and at full speed. 
On a quarter-mile path, such as is shown in P^ig. 4, the slope at the 
curves should be about one inch to the foot, so, if the path is 15 feet 
wide, the outer edge will be 15 inches higher than the inner. Where 
the path is less than a quarter mile in circuit, or is made with four 
straight sides and four rounded corners, these corners must be thrown 
up still higher. On an eighth-of-a-mile track an inch and a half or 
an inch and three-quarters to the foot would not be too much, and 
even two inches to the foot would be safer and better for bicyclers, 
and for foot races less than half an inch in length. 



ATHLETIC i.KtU NDS AND GAMES. 



2? 



In building a path the first and most important point is to make it 
perfectly level. No hills and valleys should be permitted, and even 
if it cost considerable money the track should he graded to a water 
level. The failure to do this at Ashton Lower Grounds, Birmingham, 
England, and Fenner ('.rounds, Cambridge, England, has led to much 
trouble concerning records claimed and disputed, because made 
down hill. 

As to the method of laying a track, no positive rules can be laid 
down. The ideal way is to dig out the whole ground about three 
feet deep, then throw in one and a half or two feet of broken stones, 
rough gravel, old brush, almost anything, in fact, which will lie 
loose and allow water to soak through easily; over this, six inches of 
clay or loam; then a few inches of coarse cinders, and finally a top 
dressing of fine shifted ashes or burnt brick-dust. This process is 
costly, and in most cases as useless as expensive. Unless the selected 
grounds are a swamp, it will be quite sufficient to level that part of 
the ground to be occupied by the path and inner field; then put on 
the path two or three inches of coarse cinders, and then an inch or 
two of fine top dressing, thus raising the path four or five inches 
above the inner field. This path will drain promptly and be in every 
respect as good as if built over an artificial subcellar. The top dress- 
ing should be sifted through a fine sieve and be free from all pieces 
of stone, slate, clinker or unburnt coal. Experiment has shown that 
a cinder path will be drier and more springy than any other in wet 
weather, but is apt to become brittle in dry, hot weather, while a top 
dressing of burnt brick-dust is hard and dead in wet weather, but 
firm and smooth when dry. Possibly a mixture of ashes and bricL 
dust may eventually prove to be the most desirable article. 

The advantages of the cinder path over a dirt path is mainly that 
it is not so dusty in dry weather nor muddy in wet. weather. Many 
athletes fancy that a cinder path is faster than a dirt path, but the 
wisest experience shows that all is fancy. The cinder path, if prop- 
erly cared for, will not be unpleasantly dusty during drought and is 
very little affected even by hard rain, many of our " best on records " 
having been made during rainstorms that an ordinary path or road 
would have been too muddy or slippery for fast running; but the best 
cinder path in the world is not so fast for bicycling as one of ordinary 



ATHLETIC GROUNDS AND GAMES. 2? 

clay or loam, and some dirt paths dry as quickly as an ordinary cinder 
track. Where the natural track is ofa firm, clean loam, it frequently, 
with proper care and attention, makes just as good- a track in its 
natural condition as it would if covered with ashes, and many of the 
horse-trotting tracks of America, which are all made of loam or 
gravel, are as fast, for any use, as a good cinder path. 

Foot races and bicycling are better served by somewhat different 
surfaces of path. A light, springy cinder path, fast as could be 
wished for running, is frequently so coarse and rough in texture as to 
be slower for bicycling than any ordinary country road. On the 
other hand, an asphalt, cement or board floor — a surface so hard that 
a runner's spikes would take no hold of it — -makes a fast track for 
wheel races. A cinder path, baked by the heat and drought until it 
is so brittle as to break up like a plowed field under an hour's use of 
spiked shoes, would last all day for bicycling and be an excellent 
path. Even the spike marks in a good path hinder wheelmen, and 
so well is this known that on several paths owned by bicycle clubs 
no spiked shoe is allowed to be used. In an ordinary case, when it 
is necessary that the path should be used by both wheelmen and 
athletes, some compromise must be made so as to have a path toler- 
ably good for either game. 

The proper care and culture of a cinder path are matters which de- 
pend almost entirely on the intelligence and discretion of the track- 
master. The path should be sprinkled every day or two during dry 
weather, and should be rolled every day; but some tracks need more 
sprinkling and more rolling than others do, and no positive rule can 
be made. The object sought is to keep the path smooth, firm and 
springy, instead of rough, brittle and heavy; and only experiment 
with each individual path can be determined accurately just what 
means will effect the desired end. The test of a good path is this: 
Let an ordinary runner, with spiked shoes, run round the path a mile 
at about a six-minute gait. If the path is too soft his shoe prints 
will be seen, and occasionally a little slipping of the foot to one side 
or the other. If the path is hard, caked and brittle, there will be no 
footprints, but the spikes will tear out chunks of the path, leaving 
irregularly shaped holes as large as a hazel nut, or larger. If the 
path is in perfect condition the shoe will leave an almost impercep- 



ATHLETIC GROUNDS AND GAMES. 2 

tible mark, and the spikes will come out. clean, leaving .small, round 
holes no larger than the spike itself. The sprinkling and rolling 
should be done at morning, or evening twilight, and water should 
not be thrown on the path to be quickly evaporated during the heat 
of the day, thus making the surface hard and brittle. In addition 
to the use of the roller the path should be regularly brushed with a 
coarse, heavy brush-broom, either mounted on wheels or dragged 
along the ground. This has the same effect as the harrow used on 
horse tracks, loosening up the surface and preventing it from becom- 
ing caked. Almost every trackmaster has his own special style of 
brush, and one is probably just about as good as another, the object 
being to loosen and stir up the upper half inch of the path. Where, 
as sometimes happens, the top dressing remains loose and mealy, 
refusing to pack properly after repeated rolling, the admixture of a 
little loam or clay with the cinder will usually remedy the difficulty. 
The most common defects in cinder paths are the lack of sufficient 
rolling, and the use of top dressing of coarse, unsifted cinders, instead 
of fine ashes, run through the finest obtainable sieve. 



ORGANIZING AN ATHLETIC MEETING 

Having grounds, the next thing is to obtain entries for the games. 
For this purpose there must be a Games Committee, one of whose 
members usually acts as Secretary. This committee must arrange a 
list of contests, choosing such events as are suitable to their grounds 
and as their knowledge of the local athletes leads them to think will 
attract numerous entries. The committee also decide upon the num- 
ber and value of prizes, the amount of entrance fee, the date of clos- 
ing the entries, the day and hour for beginning the games and all 
preliminary arrangements. The committee should have printed and 
distributed a sufficient quantity of circulars, containing all informa- 
tion needed by athletes intending to compete. Entrance fees are 
usually fixed at 50 cents for each man for each event. The time for 
closing the entries should be fixed from seven to ten days before the 
day of-the games, so that the Secretary may have time to notify each 
athlete of the acceptance of his entry and send him his competitor's 



ATHLETIC GROUNDS AND GAMES. 



31 



card of admission to the grounds. This seven or ten days is also 
necessary to enable the handicapper to do his work, and then to have 
the programme printed. 

J* 

THE INNER FIELD 

During the games the admittance to the path and inner field should 
be permitted only to officers and contestants actually engaged in the 
event then in progress. Officers not employed in the current contest 
and athletes awaiting their games should occupy the seats provided 
for them and leave the path and inner field clear of all save those who 
have duties there. At every gate or point of access to the path there 
should be stationed a man who will refuse admission to all^who have 
no right to enter, and there should also be a marshal, with assistants, 
if necessary, who will summarily eject all intruders who evade the 
guards at the gates and all contestants who linger after their game is 
ended. »j 

HURDLE RACES 

The championship race — the one most commonly found at first- 
class meetings — is 120 yards straightaway, over ten hurdles, each 3 
feet 6 inches high. The first hurdle is 15 yards from the starting 
line, each hurdle being 10 yards from its neighbor, and the tenth 
hurdle is 15 yards from the finishing line. The next race in popu- 
larity is 220 yards, over ten hurdles, each 2 feet 6 inches high, the 
first hurdle being 20 yards from the starting line, with a space of 20 
yards between the hurdles, and 20 yards between the last hurdle and 
the finish line. These hurdles may be of various kinds. (Pictures of 
four specimens are given in Fig. 5.) No. 2 is the most commonly 
used and the most objectionable of all, consisting of two uprights, 
with slits into which a long bar is slid, reaching across the path, and 
thus one hurdle serves for all the contestants. The objection to this 
is that a leading man, especially in handicap races, may knock down 
the hurdle, and thus either hinder or help his followers; helping them 
by tipping the hurdle so they will not have to jump it, or hindering 
them by throwing it against them or binder their feet, so as to make 
them stumble or falter. This style of hurdle has been commonly 
used, because it is the cheapest and most convenient, but it does not 




Gunn {ahead) and Prinstein walking in an all around champio 

ship at Celtic Park, J.. I. 



ATHLETIC GROUNDS AND GAMES. 



33 



guarantee fair racing and should never l>e employed. No. i is an 
English hurdle, set up by sticking the hard ends of the posts into the 
hard ground. It is objectionable, because the stakes make holes in 
the turf or path. Nos. 3 and 4 are single hurdles, used by various 




clubs in America, and either is satisfactory, No. 3 being the more 
cheaper and more easily handled. It matters little which kind of 
hurdle is used, so that each man has a line of hurdles for himself. 
Then if he stumbles and knocks over one of his hurdles it cannot 
interfere in any way, either for or against, any of his opponents, who 
have their line of hurdles untouched. 

RUNNING LONG JUMP 

For this game a place should be prepared, as shown in Fig. 6. A 
is a smooth cinder or turf path, about 120 feet long, leading up to the 
take off, B, which must be a joist five inches wide, let in even with 
the surface of the ground and firmly fastened in its place so that the 
athlete may jump from the ball of his foot placed on this joist. The 
ground, C, in front of this joist, toward where the jumper alights, 
must be dug away not less than three inches deep and six inches in 



ATHLETIC GROUNDS AND GAMES. -c 

width. From about sixteen to twenty-five feet from the take-off line 
the ground should be dug up at least a foot deep, all stones removed 
and lumps broken up, so that the jumper may alight fearlessly, and 
clear as much ground as possible with no danger of hurting himself 
in alighting. This trench of soft earth should be about five feet 
wide, and on each side of it should be laid an inch plank (D, D, 
Fig. 6), standing on edge, even with the surface of the field and the 
upper edge marked off into feet and inches from the starting line. 




Eb 



Fig. 6. 
Then, after each jump, by laying a six-foot lath or rod (E, Fig. 6) 
directly across the trench, exactly where the jumper alighted, the 
distance can be read on the side planks, and thus save the time and 
trouble of measuring each jump with a tape line. 



RUNNING HIGH JUMP AND POLE LEAPING 

For this game there should be a run-up, the same as for the run- 
ning long jump, but no starting joist, and the trench of soft earth 
commences immediately at the starting line, where the poles stand, 
instead of being sixteen feet out, as in the running long jump. It 
should be eight feet wide and ten feet long, so that the various styles 
of jumpers may alight in it safely. The apparatus needed for this 
game is explained in Fig 7. Almost anything will do at a pinch. 
Two tall stakes driven in the ground, eight feet apart, with holes 
bored into them, two tenpenny nails stuck in the holes, and an 
eight foot lath stretched across will enable the contest to be held, if 
nothing better is at hand. The proper apparatus to be used in this 
and in pole leaping is fully explained in Fig. 7. First, there are two 
uprights, A, standing on wide feet made of cast iron or of crossed 
planks. In these uprights there is a slot, as shown in cross section 



ATHLETIC GROUNDS AND G-AMES. 



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ATHLETIC GROUNDS AND GAMES. ^n 

B, wider at the inner than at the outer edge. Into this slot fits the 
upright sliding bar, C, shaped as shown in cross section, so that 
while it slides easily up and down in the slot it cannot fall out. One 
permanent peg, projecting about two inches, is placed in this sliding 
bar, near its bottom, and another at the top; the upper one being 
used only for pole leaping. These uprights should be seven feet 
high and the sliding bar six feet in length, so that the upper peg 
can be raised to about twelve feet and still leave enough of the slid- 
ing bar in the slot to hold it firmly. Near the top of the upright a 
thumbscrew works through a hole, so that by turning it the sliding 
bar is held in any desired position. On the face of the upright are 
marked off feet and inches from the ground, so that by looking at the 
figures opposite the lower peg, it can be told at any time how high it 
is, and on the face of the sliding bar is a scale of feet and inches so 
arranged, reversely, that the reading on the sliding bar, just at the 
top of the upright, shows the height of the upper peg from the 
ground. A neater but more expensive style is to make the uprights, 

C, and the rods, D, of iron tubing instead of wood. In the running 
high jump the bar is usually placed for the first attempt at about 
four feet six inches, and then moved up one or more inches at a 
time. The uprights should be placed about eight feet apart. The 
cross bar should be about one inch square, less being better than 
more, and about ten feet long. 



PUTTING THE SHOT 

The shot is put from a seven-foot circle, the same as those used for 
the hammer and 56-lb. weight; but two feet of the circumference of 
this circle^ across its front, must be a toe-board 4 inches in height. 
This board is shown in Fig. 8. It is a piece of lumber (A) 4 inches 
in height, 2 feet long and about 4 inches thick, hollowed out so as 
to fit the circumference of the circle. Through this plank (A) pass 
rods of half-inch iron, B, B, sharpened at the bottom end. When 
needed for use these pins are driven into the ground until the inside 
face of the plank is just even with the circumference of the circle, 



ATHLETIC GROUNDS AND GAMES. 



4' 



making a firm obstacle, against which the putter can kick his forward 
toe. when he delivers the shot. When not in use this toe-board can 




P. 



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Fig. 8. 



be pulled up, and thus the same seven-foot circle can be used for all 
three games, the shot, hammer and 56-lb. weight, if necessary. 



TUG OF WAR 

The rope must be one and one-half inches in diameter. When 
awaiting the starting signal the eagerness of either team leads them 
to try to pull the rope a little to their own side, and the starter com- 
monly has trouble in effecting a fair start. To remedy this a machine 
has been devised, as follows: Two cleats are bolted to a platform 
about five inches apart. A bolt through them holds one end of the 
line, which is held down by the starter's foot so as to press upon the 
rope down below the cleats and hold it firmly. As he fires the 
pistol the starter lifts his foot, allowing the lever to fly back and the 
rope to straighten up. 




Champion Kraenzlein jumping. High in air. Note well how he 
draws tip his kness. 



HOW TO ORGANIZE AN ATHLETIC 
CLUB 

The object in publishing this book is to educate those who are not 
familiar with the management of athletic games or the organization 
of athletic clubs. Elsewhere will be found a form of constitution 
and a few points upon just how it will be necessary to proceed in 
order to interest those in your county who might become interested 
in an athletic club. It is not necessary that all the members of your 
club be athletically inclined. It would be to the organizer's advan- 
tage to get the co-operation of the leading citizens and business men 
of your county, as they, to a certain extent, would add materially to 
the standing of an athletic club no matter where situated. There 
is no reason why athletic games should not be held in your county 
on certain days and also at every gathering of importance, such 
as picnics, county fairs, etc.; and, of course, an athletic track is 
the first requisite. Full directions for laying out a track will be 
found in Mr. Curtis's article on "Athletic Grounds and Games," 
in this book. 

After the date has been decided upon and the grounds arranged for, 
comes the preliminary work in relation to advertising and procuring 
your entries. The amount of advertising done will depend to a 
certain extent upon the number of people in your county. 

The list of events will all depend upon the number of athletes 
you have got and the number of athletes expected. As your games 
will naturally be given under the rules of the A. A. U., all com- 
petitors must be registered amateurs. It will be necessary to have 
the entry blank as adopted by the Registration Committee (see oppo- 
site page) on the b^ck of all circulars and announcements. These 
circulars, which are generally S% x II inches in size, should be sent 
to all clubs, factories, schools, colleges, Y. M. C. A.'s., etc.; in your 
county with the object of creating an interest in the affair. 



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How to take a high hurdle {showing Chamfiion A'raenzlein, world 1 , 
record holder /or 120-yard hurdles). 



ORGANIZATION OF A CLUB. 



47 



On other pages will be found illustrations of all apparatus necessary 
to use in conducting an athletic meeting. They can be secured from 
A. G. Spalding & Bros., New York and Chicago. 

There should be an ordinary amount of advertising done and 
circulars should be distributed announcing the features. Posters 
should be displayed, and if it is possible to get enough money 
subscribed from public-spirited citizens in your county to pay the 
expense of the meeting, which need not necessarily be very much, 
invitations should be sent broadcast, the idea being to popularize the 
sport. The first meeting should necessarily be an invitation affair, so 
as to let the public see just what an athletic meeting is like, when 
properly conducted. 

After the entries are received from the prominent athletes the 
programme should be made up with the names of each contestant 
properly printed, with the school, college or club he represents 
mentioned, also his registration number, competitor's number and 
handicap, providing it is a handicap event. The competitor's number 
is the number worn by each contestant. This can be of paper and 
must be worn conspicuously and correspond with his competitor's 
number mentioned in the programme. 

In so far as publicity is concerned you should go to the county 
newspaper, or the paper in your town and the county towns, and give 
them all the news you possibly can about the meeting. Tell them 
who is going to compete, their records and all the data you can that 
would interest the public. You should have a press committee to 
write articles about the meeting and keep the public posted about 
just what is going on. 

The management of the games should be in charge of a certain 
official, as set forth in the General Athletic Rules. It is desirable to 
invite as officials, men who have had some experience in athletics, if 
possible. Then men should be selected who have read the Athletic 
Rules and who are fairly intelligent enough to conduct the meeting 
according to the letter of the law. A great mistake will be made in 
selecting men who are really not competent and have little knowledge 
of the rules. Of course, to a small club making a start, it will be 
important to select good men. 

The prizes may consist of any of the articles designated in the 



ORGANIZATION OK A CLUB. 



49 



A. A. U. handbook, and neednot be expensive. The prizes could be 
obtained from local dealers or from the large houses making a 
specialty of such goods. 

Of course in some sectipns it will be possible to secure appropria- 
tions from the county and state to further amateur athletic sports. 
This matter should be given careful consideration by the county 
representatives of the A. A. U.; and it is a common practice in some 
rural towns to procure the necessary money by subscription. A list 
taken among the prominent citizens will surely be filled in a short 
while. 

EVENTS 

In selecting the events for your games, try to give a variety, at 
least one sprint run, a distance run, a walk, one hurdle race, one 
weight event and a jump. 

Novice races should be given by a newly organized club, particu- 
larly when the ability of the different athletes is not very well known. 
By giving novice races, which are, of course, scratch races, the 
committee in doing the handicapping for subsequent handicap 
meetings will be able to get a line on the contestants and handicap 
them intelligently. The handicapping is something that will 
eventually cause a considerable amount of dissatisfaction, as it always 
does. In handicapping races the idea is to make the finish as close 
as possible. The rule of the handicapper should be to make each 
and every race a dead heat, if possible. For instance in your first 
race if Charles Jones wins a novice race quite easily by 80 yards from 
John Blank and John Doe is 40 yards behind him the next handicap 
should be John Doe 120 yards, John Blank 80 yards and Charles 
Jones scratch. The same would apply to sprint races. The work 
would consist in picking out the marks for the different men. The 
weight events should be handicapped by inches and so should the 
jumps, and the same general plan should be followed out as to who 
should be the scratch man in the competitions. 

Another very interesting way of encouraging your men, after you 
have given enough novice races to allot handicaps, is to have closed 















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ORGANIZATION OF A CLUB. 5 1 

or time races, which were popular some years ago in America. For 
instance, give a half-mile run for those who were never beaten in two 
minutes and twenty seconds; a mile run for those never beaten in five 
minutes, and a mile walk for those that were never beaten in eight 
minutes. In this way a man who might be handicapped out of a race 
is given a chance to win occasionally. 

In handicapping, much of the trouble to the handicapper is caused 
by athletes not filling out their entry blanks intelligently. If 
an athlete would put his best performance on the blank, the mark he 
started from and how he finished, the handicapper could do very good 
work without much trouble. This blank should be filled out con- 
scientiously. The handicappers throughout the country should 
report to the member of the Registration Committee of the district 
any attempt to deceive them, for certainly a few examples should be 
made of the men who go around and endeavor to mislead the handi- 
capper by false statements as to performances on the blank or neglect 
to put their best performances in. 

In addition to what has already been written in reference to handi- 
capping, it may be as well to state that when an athlete enters he is 
required to fill out an entry blank for the information of the handi- 
capper. In time events he is required to give his last three best 
performances, stating in each case the time of the race. In the 
weight events the athlete is required to give his last three best per- 
formances, giving the distance in each case that the event was won 
by; therefore it will be necessary for the handicapper to arbitrarily 
adopt the following table for timing events: In running races up to 
and including 220 yards, allow ten yards for a second; races over 220 
yards, and up to and including 440 yards, allow 8 yards to a second; 
in races over 440 yards, u to and including one mile, allow 6 yards 
to a second. In races over one mile the handicapper will use his 
own judgment. In the weight events the handicapper will be 
governed by the actual last three performances. Of course, it is a 
well-known rule in handicapping that a novice entry in a competitive 
event, unless there is some good reason to the contrary, be given at 
least one half the limit. The handicapper would, of course, penalize 
an athletehfor a win and for a place. This, of course, would be a 
matter in which he would use his judgment. 



ORGANIZATION OF A CLUB. 53 

In order to bring out the talent that exists in your club, club games 
should be given at least once a week. Club games always tend to 
increase the athletic interest among the members. It will not be 
necessary to give prizes for each set of club games given. Three 
prizes can be given to the athletes scoring the most number of points 
during the year on the basis of 5 for firsts, 2 for seconds and I 
for thirds. In this way the boys will take an interest in the doings of 
the club. They will keep on training and exercising, and nothing 
helps a man more than competition. The old saying among certain 
clubs— that there is not enough competitions in their territory— shows 
there is a lack of interest and not the right man at the helm, for when 
ten or fifteen men congregate at one club there certainly should be 
enough interest taken in the ten or fifteen men to have competition 
for them, which could be arranged at no great expense. As a sample 
of how club competitions are beneficial the case of the Pastime 
A. C, of New York, may be cited as an example, where as many as 
one hundred entrie? have been received for its weekly competitions. 

After the organization of an athletic club is perfected it is essential 
that you ally yourselves with one of the associations of the A. A. U. 
This gives you prestige, and if you should at any time give open 
games, your sister clubs are sure to help you. By "open" games 
is meant that all registered amateur athletes are elegible for entry. 

Attached herewith will be found the different associations of the 
A. A. U., the districts they cover and the secretaries of each of the 
associations. To join one of these associations all that is necessary 
is to proceed according to the following By-Law of the A. A. U.: 
ARTICLE IV. 

MEMBERSHIP IN THE ASSOCIATION. 

Any organization eligible under the Constitution of the Union and of this Asso- 
ciation desiring to become a member of the Association, shall make application in 
writing to the Secretary-Treasurer declaring: 

(a) Its name, location, the number of its members and the names of its officers. 

(6) Date of its organization and its purposes. 

(c) That it will, if elected a member of the Association, abide by the Constitution, 
By-Laws and Rules of the Union and Association, and will respect, abide by and 
enforce all decisions of the Union and Board of Managers of this Association and 
the decisions of the Registration Committee of the Union. 

It shall transmit at same time the dues required by the Constitution of this Asso- 
ciation, and a copy of its Constitution and By-Laws. Such application shall be 
immediately referred by the Secretary-Treasurer to the proper Committee to investi- 
gate and report. 



ORGANIZATION OF A CLUB. 55 

REGISTRATION 

By reading the rules over carefully, the organizer of an athletic 
club will readily understand that in order to compete as an amateur 
an athlete must be registered. Attached herewith is the form of 
registration blank, which must be. filled out and forwarded by each 
athlete to the member of the Registration Committee having charge 
of the respective districts. Mr. James E. Sullivan, of 16 and 18 
Park Place, New York, is Chairman of the A. A. U. Registration 
Committee. The different districts of the Amateur Athletic Union 
are as follows: 

NEW ENGLAND ASSOCIATION— Consisting of Maine, New Hampshire, 
Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut. 

METROPOLITAN ASSOCIATION— Consisting of New York State and New 
Jersey (north of Trenton). 

ATLANTIC ASSOCIATION— Consisting of New Jersey (south of Trenton), 
Delaware and Pennsylvania. 

SOUTH ATLANTIC ASSOCIATION-Consisting of Maryland, Virginia, 
West Virginia, District of Columbia, North Carolina and South Carolina. 

WESTERN ASSOCIATION-Consisting of Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, 
South Dakota, Askansas, Colorado, Kentucky, Kansas, Wyoming, New Mexico, 
Indian Territory and Oklahoma. 

CENTRAL ASSOCIATION— Consisting of Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, 
Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota. 

PACIFIC ASSOCIATION — Consisting of California, Arizona, Nevada and 
Utah. 

SOUTHERN ASSOCIATION-Consisting of Tennessee, Florida, Alabama, 
Georgia, Louisiana and Texas. 

PACIFIC NORTHWEST ASSOCIATION-Consisting of Idaho, Montana, 
Oregon, Washington and Alaska. 

ATHLETIC LEAGUE OF Y. M. C. A.'S OF NORTH AMERICA— G. T. 
Hepbron, 3 W. 29th Street, New York City. 

You cannot compete unless you are registered, and should you 
compete at meetings where athletes who are not registered are allowed 
to compete, you will thereby disqualify yourself. Upon receipt of 



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eg ORGANIZATION OF A CLUB. 

your application blank, properly rilled out, the representative of the 
Registration Committee will forward same to the Secretary of the 
Amateur Athletic Union, who will at once issue to you a certificate of 
registration bearing your number, which holds good for one year. 

After the formation of your county athletic club, if it is found 
necessary that you cannot procure a training quarters for your men — 
that is, any place suitable for continual training — an exciting form of 
exercise to indulge in, and one that is harmless, is that of hare and 
hounds. It is a simple way of obtaining outdoor exercise and pleas- 
ant exercise. Select two of your runners to act as hares, furnish 
them with bags to fling over the shoulder and to contain paper, cut in 
as small pieces as possible. The paper is to be distributed by the 
hares over the trail. Give them say five minutes' start on the pack of 
hounds. The hares will take any course they desire across country, 
always leaving an intelligent trail. The hounds follow, the idea 
being to overtake them before they get home. The start and finish 
is usually made at the same place. They make a circuit of the sur- 
rounding country and return to the starting place, usually some hotel 
or club house. After the boys go through this exercise several time:* 
the distance can be increased. 

NOTES FOR THE ATHLETE. 

Protests — If you have any appeals or protests to make they should 
be made to the referee. Always remember that the latter's decision 
should not be questioned and that you must not become abusive. 
Such conduct will surely bring you trouble, and may be the cause of 
your being suspended. 

The referee alone has the power to change the order of events. 
The referee has the power to disqualify a competitor for jostling or 
impeding the progress of another runner, it is immaterial whether 
done intentionally or through carelessness. 

In the final heat the referee has the right to disqualify any one who 
interferes with the other runners, and if he so desires he can order a 
race between the other competitors. 

There should be at least four inspectors. They are assistants to the 



ORGANIZATION OF A CLUB. 

59 
referee. They have no power to make decisions, but can report to 
the referee any case of deliberate fouling, and the referee can act as 
he sees fit. 

The judges at the finish decide the winner, second, third and fourth 
men, and so on. There is no appeal from their decision. There is 
also no appeal from the decision of the field judges. 

The most important official at an athletic meeting is the starter, 
and in America we have several competent ones, but they are not 
numerous, as it requires years of practice in all kinds of competitions 
to make a starter expert. It will be necessary, of course, in localities 
where it is impossible to get an expert starter for a man to start in and 
make himself a starter. In sprint races it is customary in and about 
New York City, especially at the intercollegiate meeting, as well as 
other large meetings, for the starter to proceed something on this 
plan : The four starters in the ioo yards race are placed on their 
marks by the clerk of the course. The starter orders the men to take 
their marks. When the men are at their marks he says in an author- 
itative tone, "Get set." Then, after holding the men a reasonable 
time on the marks and they are all steady so that no one has an 
advantage over another, he fires his pistol. The clever starter is one 
that will hold the men at their marks, sending them all away at once 
as one man, so that no one can have an advantage. Any kind of a 
pistol will answer for the purposes of the starter, and it is customary 
to use blank cartridges. A starter must hold the pistol in the air so 
that the timekeepers can see the flash. 

The judge of walking will give each contestant who is walking 
unfairly three cautions. If he walks unfairly in the last 220 yards he 
can be disqualified. 

The success of a meeting depends, to a great extent, upon the 
ability of the clerk of the course. He should be energetic, firm and 
a bit dictatorial. He should have assistants. He should assign one 
assistant to the field events and one to the track events; the duty of 
the assistant clerk of the course being to announce in the dressing 
rooms the event to be started. When the contestants come on the 
field, if it is a handicap event, they should at once take their given 
handicaps, which are usually marked with whitewash or printed on 
papers and tacked to the border of the track. Each competitor will 



60 ORGANIZATION OF A CLUB. 

know by a glance at the programme how much start he has received 
and he then goes back and finds the mark. The clerk of the course 
goes around and sees that each contestant is on his mark. He then 
blows his whistle to the starter as an indication chat the men are all 
right. In scratch races the same rule applies. The clerk should be 
quick and energetic in placing the men and not argue with them as 
to what position they have on the track or where they should start 
from. He should invariably have, before one event is started, t>»e 
next event called and the men within hailing distance of the starting 
point. 

The clerk of the course will be saved a great deal of trouble if the 
contestants, before they go on the track, procure a programme and 
ascertain their number. They should then get their numbers and pin 
them on, for the reason that contestants are not allowed to start in 
races unless they are properly numbered. It is the duty of the clerk 
of the course to see that each contestant is properly numbered and 
attired. 

It is very important in selecting field judges that you have one or 
two men who are expert enough to act intelligently. In putting the 
shot and throwing the hammer, if the contestant steps outside the 
circle when making a delivery, it constitutes a foul ; also stepping 
out of the front half of the circle constitutes a foul. The measure"- 
ment in a weight-putting event is from the first break in the earth 
made by the sphere to the inner edge of the whitewashed circle. In 
measuring a broad jump you measure from the nearest break in the 
earth made by the contestant's heel to the toe-board, but, in making 
the attempt, should the jumper fall back, you measure from where 
his body or hand touched the ground to the toe-board. 

Protest against a competitor or competitors can be made to the 
games committee or to the referee during the meeting. 

The finish of a race is when any part of the winner's body, except 
his hands or arms, shall reach the finish line. The tape stretched 
across between the finish posts is not the finish line, it is merely placed 
there to guide the judges in arriving at a decision. The finish line is 
a whitewash mark drawn across at right angles to the sides of the track. 
When two athletes run a dead heat in a track event they cannot toss= 
They must compete again. 



ORGANIZATION OF A CLUB. OI 

In handicap jumping contests, when there, is a tie, the com- 
petitor receiving the least allowance wins. In case a tie occurs in a 
scratch contest, three additional trials at each height will be given, 
and the bar lowered until one shall clear it. In case of a second tie, 
the contestant wins who clears the bar with the least number of trials. 

The order of events in the scratch events shall follow the printed 
programme. In handicap field events the man with the greatest 
allowance makes the first trial and the scratch man last. 

The field judges shall *decide at what height a jump shall com- 
mence. Each contestant receives three trials at each height. 

A foul jump in the running broad jump is when the contestant over- 
steps the joist and makes a mark on the ground in front of it, or runs 
over the line without jumping. The latter is what constitutes a foul 
without result. 

The club giving the games shall furnish poles in the pole vaulting 
contest. An athlete can furnish his private pole, however, and no 
contestant shall be allowed to use it. 

The matter of timekeeping is of very great importance. The rule 
is to time with one-fifth-second watches, and the timekeeper must be 
a man who has a quick eye and a quick movement, for the simple 
reason that the very moment he notices the smoke of the pistol he 
starts his watch, and when the runner reaches the tape he must stop 
the watch instantly, for then he has completed his journey, and any 
loss of time in stopping the watch will be a disadvantage to the run- 
ner. Novice timers must be particular to start their watches from 
the smoke instead of from the sound of the pistol, for obvious reasons. 
In the case of time-allowance handicaps, the timekeeper must make 
up a table and start the limit man first and £he other men according 
to their respective allowances ; for example, in the mile walk A 
receives 50 seconds, B 40 seconds, C 30 seconds and D is on scratch. 
A is started and given 10 seconds on B ; B gets 10 seconds on C, and 
C gets 30 seconds on D, the watch then showing 50 seconds, which 
the limit man gets on D. 

No record performance will be allowed unless timed by at least 
three official timekeepers, and no record will be accepted unless made 
in open competition. 

A man loses his novice standing the minute he wins a prize, and he 



f )2 ORGANIZATION OF A CLUB. 

cannot compete in any other novice race, it is immaterial when the 
entries closed. In other words, if a man enters in a novice race at a 
set of games, and the first event should be a 60 yards run handicap, 
and he finishes second and wins a prize, he cannot compete in a 
subsequent novice race. 

It is necessary for the Games Committee to look after all the appur- 
tenances of the meeting. 

No professional contest or exhibition shall be allowed at any games 
held under the auspices of the A. A. U., except that regularly em- 
ployed instructors may take part in exhibitions with their pupils. 

A contestant should be properly attired, and it is the duty of the 
clerk of the course to see that this rule is obeyed. 

An open event is an event that is open to more than one club, 
school, college or organization. 



4t 



HINTS ON TRAINING 

It is an impossibility to give information or instructions on training 
which will apply to everyone. Different surroundings and conditions 
are the principal reasons. I shall endeavor, in this short article, to 
give a few ideas on work, diet, etc., which if followed-will certainly 
do no one harm, and ought to prove of benefit to any one. 

If you intend to train you should fit yourself out with the proper 
paraphernalia. You should also have the advantage of some gym- 
nasium, or have some place where you can get indoor exercise in the 
early season. If you can not go to some private or club gymnasium 
then you should have at at home a pair of Indian clubs, dumbbells, 
pulley weight, chest expander, rowing machine and a skipping rope. 
The above articles will furnish enough exercise for any young man. 
You should have one suit, consisting of shirt, sweater, long thick 
stockings, heavy weight knee pants and shoes, suitable for running on 
the road. Use a garter to support the stockings; not one encircling 
the legs, but one suspended from a belt about the waist. 

I have found that the ordinary rubber-soled gymnasium shoe will 
answer for roads. If they do not agree with you get shoes of light 
leather, with a light sole and one extra thickness for a heel. 

Trials should not be taken at any event until you have been work- 
ing at least three weeks. In running long distances but one trial at 
the full distance should be run, and that at least ten days before date 
of competing. In jumping, pole vaulting, weight throwing and short 
distance running, once a week is often enough to have a trial, and 
that should be taken at least four days before date of competition. 

Broad jumpers often make a mistake in trying at their event 
too often and continuously. After getting your run and take off, 
which should be carefully measured and noted, and which is the first 
thing you should be perfect in, a clay's jumping (not for distance) 
about twice a week and sprinting on the other days is all that is 
necessary. A trial about once in two weeks will be enough. I know 
good broad jumpers who never try it except in competition. The 

63 



5 4 HINTS ON TRAINING. 

same is true of high hurdle running. After you have mastered the 
step for about three hurdles, practice at sprinting is all you need. 
Go into all the games you can, as you will then become accustomed to 
competition, and it will give you confidence and make you less 
nervous. 

Diet. — While good, wholesome food is necessary to perfect train- 
ing, a man should not deny himself everything. In regard to dieting, 
have your food good and well cooked, and confine yourself as far 
as possible to beef and mutton for meats, and eat eggs and fish 
occasionally. Pastry should be dispensed with. By that is meant 
pies, most kinds of cake and puddings. Plain cake, rice, bread, 
tapioca and a few other similar plain puddings may be eaten. 

Many trainers consider it does a man more harm to go without 
something he really craves than it does to occasionally eat it. It is 
not the use but the abuse of such things which will bring harm to a 
man's training. 

Again, a man can digest things while training which would trouble 
him ordinarily. A man should drink as much water as he wants, but 
liquors or beer should not be allowed under any circumstances. 
They are sometimes used when a man is overworked, but the best 
way is to lay off a few days. Eat all digestible vegetables, avoid 
soups, tea and coffee, also milk, unless it really agrees with you. Use 
a moderate amount of fat; the fats of beef and mutton, but little 
butter. Fat will aid nature in your training, and a little of it is 
absolutely essential. Have your meals always at the same hour on 
succeeding days. 

Bathing. — Get a good-sized sponge and take a bath. Draw warm 
and cold water into a bowl until the warm has just taken the chill off 
the cold. Dip your sponge in and wring it gently, not getting all the 
water out of it. Wipe yourself off. Wipe one arm and wring the 
sponge out in the water; repeat with the other arm; and so go over 
the whole body, dipping the sponge in the water often. Then wipe 
perfectly dry with a rough towel. Don't bathe until you have ceased 
to perspire. Don't take a shower bath or get into a tub, and never 
use absolutely cold water. Once a week use soap, and take the same 
process before described with the sponge to get it off. You will find 
it very pleasant, especially in warm weather, each morning and night 



HINTS ON TRAINING. 65 

to wring your sponge out in the water and wipe yourself, using an 
ordinary towel to dry, and not rubbing yourself. Don't be afraid to 
take these baths in this way, for they are not weakening in the least. 

Sleep. — This is one of the most important things connected with 
training. Any man who is taking regular work should be able to 
sleep, and he must devote at least eight hours a night to it. Goto 
bed about 10.30 at the latest, and arise about ten minutes after you 
awaken in the morning. Don't get right up the first thing. Go to 
bed the same time every night. If at first you wake early in the 
morning get up, no matter what the time it is, but go to bed at the 
usual time that night. You will find that your next night's sleep will 
be more perfect and that it will soon be regular. 

Starting. — With sprinters, the one essential thing is the start. 
Many a race is won at the beginning. You should begin your prac- 
tice at starting gradually and early in the season. Practice it only a 
few times each day. If you get too sore, let up for a few days. 
Always practice with some one, and practice with any one and every 
one. This is the only Avay. Gei some one who will hold you on your 
mark to start you, either by pistol or word. Never try to beat the 
word or pistol either in practice or at any time. Clubs running games 
at the present time are generally very careful as to their selection for 
the position of starter, and you must accustom yourself to being held 
on the mark for different lengths of time. To be ready for the pistol 
is the first thing, and to immediately start after hearing it is the next. 
There are several different styles, but experience has proven 
that the only one and the fastest for all sorts of men is the " kneel- 
ing" style. True, there are men who use other styles to good ad- 
vantage, but any one can improve themselves from one to two yards 
by the low start if they get it right. There are several styles of low 
starts, and the one particularly referred to, is as follows: 

Place the forward foot from four to eight inches back of the starting 
line. The reason this distance must vary is owing to the different 
length of arms of different men. A man with short arms will get 
nearer the mark, and you must use your own judgment and try to 
find from which distance you can the most readily respond to the 
pistol. The distance of the back foot is similarly governed by the 
length of leg. Place your front foot in its proper position and then 



56 HINTS ON TRAINING. 

O:r ouch down, extending your back foot in the rear until your lower 
leg (from the knee to the ankle) is parallel with the surface of the 
track. When the knee of the back leg will just touch the heel of 
the forward foot you have got the position for the back foot. Measure 
this distance from the starting line, put it down somewhere so you 
won't forget it, and "always" use the same distance. You will find 
that the distance of the rear foot from the starting line is about 3 
feet, 2 inches. Now, the thing is to start properly. The common 
fault with low starters is that they immediately straighten up when 
the pistol is fired. This is entirely wrong. You should dive forward 
and not try to straighten until you have run at least three strides. 
This fault of straightening too soon is caused by men putting the 
rear foot too near the mark. When they push off they can't help 
rising. If you put it back far enough you will dive straight forward, 
and that is where the quickness of the start above all others comes 
in. From this position you will seldom go over before the pistol is 
fired. 

Work. — There is nothing you can do which will stand you in as 
good stead as running on the road in the early season and many 
prominent athletes have made their first start in athletics by starting 
in on the road, because at times it may be impossible to find a suitable 
track in your immediate neighborhood. Here is where you find use 
for your " heavy" suit. Never go out on the road without covering 
the legs and knees perfectly. You may not notice it now, but in after 
life freedom from rheumatism will amply repay you for the trouble. 
Right here I would like to say that, in the spring and fall, you must 
keep covered up under any circumstances, unless actually competing.- 
In taking road work you should begin with about two miles at an easy 
gait on three nights in the week, running every other night. On the 
other nights you should devote your time to the specialty you 
intend to take up. You should also take exercise with light dumb- 
bells (two-pound wooden bells are the best) and use the chest weights. 
This gets your upper body into good condition. After running and 
practicing this way for about three weeks you will be in good 
condition to take up whatever branch of work you have decided to 
try, and this preliminary work will stand you in good stead later on 
when competing. This work is consider good and necessary for 



HINTS ON TRAINING. 67 

sprinters and short distance men and, in fact, for all classes of athletes. 
You can now begin regular work to develop your specialty. What- 
ever this is, you should arrange your work so that you have long and 
hard work one day and short light wo:k the next. After a man has 
once brought himself to good condition very little work is ne< 
to keep there, and care should be used, after working steadily for 
four or five weeks, not to work too much. If you begin to feel lazy 
and tired after working, stop for two or three days. Do your work at 
the same hour each day, if possible, and have that hour correspond 
with the time at which you will compete. Most games are run in the 
afternoon and that is usually the most convenient time to work. 



ORGANIZATION OF A CLUB 

The course to pursue in order to start amateur athletics in your 
county would be to call a meeting of students and pupils of all col- 
leges and schools, respectively, and if a manufacturing town call all 
employees, as well as others who would be likely to take an interest 
in amateur pastimes, and organize an athletic club to be named after 
your county or town. The constitution anil by-laws of such club 
should be modeled on the following lines: 

CONSTITUTION 

ARTICLE I. 

NAME. 

Section i. This organization shall be known as [name adopted], 

incorporated [date]. 

OBJECT. 

Sec. 2. The object of this club shall be physical development. 

Sec. 3. Gambling and sale of liquors will not be allowed in gym- 
nasium or club room. Members who are expelled for violating this 
section forfeit all rights in and to the privileges, property and fran- 
chises of the club, but are still liable for arrearage of dues, fees, 
assessments or charges previously held against them. The club agrees 
to abide by all rules and regulations of the Amateur Athletic Union 
or any of its committees. 

ARTICLE II. 

MEMBERSHIP. 

Section i. A candidate for membership must be not less than 
18 years of age, and can only be proposed by a member in good stand- 
ing, upon the proposition blank issued by the club, which must be 

*;companied by the regular fee, and handed to the Recording Secre- 

Ary at least two weeks before the regular meeting. 



ORGANIZATION OF A CLUB! 69 

Sec. 2. All candidates shall be voted for by ballot at the regular 
monthly meeting. 

If three (3) black balls are cast against the candidate, he shall be 
rejected and his proposition fee returned to him. 

Sec. 3. A rejected candidate cannot be proposed more than once 
in six (6) months. 

ARTICLE III. 

RIGHTS AND PRIVILEGES OF MEMBERS. 

Section I. The members of this club shall have the privilege of 
asing the grounds and all apparatus contained within the club rooms 
or in possession of the club. 

Sec. 2. Only members in good standing shall be privileged to vote 
and are eligible for office. 

Sec. 3. Any member, to hold an office of trust or responsibility, 
must have been a member in good standing for three (3) months or 
more. 

ARTICLE IV. 

MEETINGS. 

Section I. The regular meetings of this club shall be held on 
the evening of the , at S P. M. 

Sec. 2. At the request of twelve (12) members, the President may 
call a special meeting should any circumstance require it. 

Written or printed notices of all special meetings shall be sent to 
each member in good standing, at least 48 hours before said meeting 
shall be held, and no business but that specified shall be transacted at 
said meeting. 

Sec. 3. Fifteen (15) members in good standing shall constitute a 
quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting. 

ARTICLE V. 

OFFICERS. 

Section i. The officers of this club shall consist of a President, 
Vice-President, Recording Secretary, Financial Secretary, Treasurer, 
Sergeant-at-Arms and Assistant, Captain of Indoor Sports and 
Assistant, Captain of Outdoor Sports and Assistant, Master of 
Property and Assistant, and the Board of Trustees. 

Sec. 2. The Board of Trustees shall consist of five (5) members. 



jO ORGANIZATION OF A CLUB. 

ARTICLE VI. 

ELECTIONS. 

Section i. All officers shall be elected annually by ballot (or by 
acclamation, should there be but one candidate) at the regular 
meeting held in of each year. 

Sec. 2. In case of vacancy of any office an election to fill such 
vacancy shall be held at the next regular meeting. 

Sec. 3. Should any officer absent himself from three successive 
regular meetings, without excuse satisfactory to the club, the office 
hecomes vacant and the club shall immediately proceed to fill same. 

Sec. 4. In case of a tie vote at any election, the club shall again 
vote; should the second ballot result in a tie, the chairman's vote 
shall be the deciding vote. 

ARTICLE VII. 

DUTIES OF OFFICERS. 

Section i. It shall be the duty of the President to preside at all 
meetings of the club and conduct the same, according to the Consti- 
tution and By-Laws of this club, examine and sign all official 
documents requiring his signature; exert a general supervision over 
the interests of the club and perform such other duties as are usually 
required of and performed by a presiding officer, and call special 
meetings according to Article IV., Section 2, of this Constitution. He 
shall not vote except in case of a tie and neither make nor second a 
motion of any kind. 

Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of the Vice-President to perform all 
the duties of the President in case of the latter's absence, or when 
called upon by that officer. 

Sec. 3. It shall be the duty of the Recording Secretary to call the 
roll of officers; keep a correct account of the proceedings of the club, 
issue all proper notices, receive and open all communications and 
conduct all the correspondence appertaining to his office; keep a blank 
book in which shall be recorded the names of all persons rejected, 
suspended or expelled by the club, specifying for what offence such 
action was taken. He shall, for the faithful performance of his 
duty, receive per annum, payable quarterly. 

Sec. 4. The Financial Secretary shall keep a correct account 
between the club and its members, collect all money due the club 



ORGANIZATION OF A CLUB. 71 

and pay the same to the Treasurer, taking receipt therefor. At every 
regular meeting lie shall render a list of all members four months or 
more in arrears to the Recording Secretary. He shall notify all 
members that are liable to suspension or expulsion within one week 
previous thereto. He shall, for the faithful performance of his duty, 
receive per annum, payable quarterly. 

Sec. 5. The Treasurer shall receive all money collected by the 
Financial Secretary, for which he shall give his receipt, shall hold all 
money belonging to the club and pay therefrom all orders for money 
.ttested by the Recording Secretary, countersigned by the President 
.nd signed by the Board of Trustees. 

The Treasurer shall furnish a bond, the amount of which shall be 
decided by the Board of Trustees. The bond shall be renewed 
immediately after the election. The Treasurer shall, at no time, 
have on hand more than ; all money above that 

amount to be deposited by him in some bank, to be decided by the 
Board of Trustees, delivering the book to the Board of Trustees 
within forty-eight hours after having made the deposit. 

He shall make a written report at every regular meeting of the 
condition of the finances. He shall, for the faithful performance of 
his duties, receive per annum, payable quarterly. 

SERGEANT-AT-ARMS AND ASSISTANT. 

Sec. 6. It shall be the duty of the Sergeant-at-Arms and Assistant 
to maintain and preserve order at all business and gymnastic meetings. 

INDOOR CAPTAIN AND ASSISTANT. 

Sec. 7. The Indoor Captain shall have charge of all indoor 
exercises, as per rules and regulations of gymnasium; all orders and 
commands made by him during class hours must be complied with; 
any disobedience on part of exercising members he will report to the 
club at the next regular meeting. In the absence of the Indoor 
Captain the Lieutenant shall officiate in his stead. 

OUTDOOR CAPTAIN AND ASSISTANT. 

Sec. 8. The Outdoor Captain shall endeavor to promote outdoor 
athletic sports. It shall be his duty to handicap club competitions 
and appoint officials for same. In the absence cf the Outdoor 
Captain the Assistant Captain will officiate in his stead. 



■72 ORGANIZATION OF A CLUB. 

MASTER OF PROPERTIES AND ASSISTANT. 

Sec. 9. It shall be their duty to have charge of all apparatus of the 
club, shall keep same in good order, repair or have repairing attended 
to charging the same to the club. 

BOARD OF TRUSTEES. 

SEC. 10. The Board of Trustees shall have charge of all the prop- 
erty, effects and assets of the club. They shall, with the sanction of 
the club, have the power to buy or sell any property of the club. 

To have and use a common seal and under said seal to enter into 
contracts. It shall be their duty to effect insurance on all property 
belonging to the club. 

They shall report the condition of the club quarterly and at such 
other times as the club may require. It shall be their duty to 
investigate the qualifications of all candidates proposed for member- 
ship, which must be approved of by a majority of the Board. The 
Board of Trustees, in conjunction with the officers of the club, shall 
receive and consider all complaints of disorderly conduct. 

They shall inflict punishment on the members found guilty, in the 
following degrees: 

First offence— Reprimanded. Second offence — Debarred from all 
the rights and privileges of the club for the term of two (2) months, 
or a fine of $1. Third offence — His name shall be brought up at the 
next regular meeting of the club to be expelled. 

Any member of the Board of Trustees absenting himself from three 
consecutive meetings, without valid excuse, his office shall be declared 
vacant and his place filled by ballot at the next monthly meeting of 
the club. Any member to be eligible to Trusteeship must be 18 
years of age. 

ARTICLE VIII. 

COLORS AND UNIFORM. 

Section i. The colors of this club shall be 
The uniform of the club shall consist of 

Sec. 2. The emblem shall be a 

Sec. 3. Any member representing this club at any competition, when 
entered by the club, must wear the club uniform, as described in 
Sec. 1 of this Article. 



ORGANIZATION OF A CLUB. j t, 

ARTICLE IX. 

AM ENDMEN IS ok REPEAL. 

Section i. This Constitution may be amended or repealed by a 
two-third vote of the members present, at a regular meeting, provided 
that a copy of the proposed amendments shall have been handed to 
the Secretary, and read at a previous meeting and that all members 
be notified thereof. 

ARTICLE I. 

Section i. The regular dues of this club shall be per month. 

Sec. 2. Any member in arrears of dues to the amount of 
shall be notified, and unless giving a satisfactory explanation shall be 
expelled. 

Sec. 3. Any member being fined or assessed, or who is indebted 
to the club for ball, picnic or excursion tickets and neglects to pay 
the same within months, shall be immediately notified by the 

Financial Secretary, and should he fail to pay at the next regular 
meeting, his name shall be presented to the club for action; the 
penalty for this offence shall be fine, suspension or expulsion, as the 
club may decide. 

ARTICLE II. 
resignation. 

Section i. Any resignation of membership must be made in writing 
but no resignation shall receive any consideration by the club until 
arrears, if any, have been paid, according to Article I., Sections 2 and 
3 of the By-Laws. 

ARTICLE III. 

Section i. The Board of Trustees shall have legal title to all the 
property of the club, should the same become insolvent or disorganized. 

ARTICLE IV. 
Section t. Any member requesting to be suspended and giving a 
satisfactory reason in writing, may, upon the decision of the club, be 
suspended for a specified time. 

ARTICLE V. 

REINSTATEMENT. 

Section i. Any member stricken from the roll on account of 
being in arrears to the club, may be reinstated by paying up all his 



74 Organization of a club. 

indebtedness to the club, but must be elected by a two-third vote of 
all the members present at a meeting. 

ARTICLE VI. 

FINES. 

Section i. Any member failing to notify the Recording Secretary 
of the change of his address, within thirty (30) days, shall be fined 

ARTICLE VII. 

HONORARY members. 
Setion i. Honorary membership may be conferred by the majority 
vote of the club; he shall have all the privileges, but no voice or vote 
in the club, cannot be eligible for office, shall not be liable for dues 
nor attend meetings. He may become an active member by the pay- 
ment of dues from the date of his application. 
ARTICLE VIII. 
entries. 
Section i. Any member competing in an open competition 
approved by the A. A. U., when not entered by the club, shall pay 
his own entrance fee; upon winning a prize or making the standard 
time of this club, his entrance fee shall be credited against his dues. 
ARTICLE IX. 

VISITORS. 

Section i. Visitors must be vouched for or accompanied by a 
member. shall be visitors' night. 

ARTICLE X. 

DAMAGE TO PROPERTY. 

Section i. Damage to property shall he paid for by any person or 

persons wilfully causing same. 

ARTICLE XL 

AMENDMENTS. 

Section i. These By-Laws may be amended or repealed accord- 
ing to Article IX., Section 1, of the Constitution. 
ARTICLE XII. 

DISSOLUTION. 

Section i. This club shall in no wise be dissolved as long as 
members shall be in favor of its continuance. 



ORGANIZATION OF A CLUB. 75 

ARTICLE XIII. 
ORDER OF BUSINESS. 

1. Opening. 

2. Roll-call of officers and trustees. 

3. Reading the minutes of the previous meeting, 

4. Proposal and election of new members. 

5. Election of Officers and Trustees. 

6. Reports of various committees. 

7. Reading of correspondence. 

S. Report of Financial Treasurer. 

9. Report of Treasurer. 

10. Unfinished business. 

11. New business. 

12. Adjournment. 

If, in organizing your county athletic club, you could reach every 
one between the ages of 16 and 21 years, it would be a desirable 
thing to do. Of course, you would naturally advance amateur 
pastimes by advocating the holding of athletic events under A. A. U. 
rules at church picnics, political gatherings, county fairs, and in fact 
at all gatherings held by organizations of your county. 

If you could interest the members of the public school board of 
your county and secure their assistance in the organization of your 
county athletic club, it would also be a desirable thing to do. 



ATHLETIC RULES 



Amateur Athletic Union 



RULE I. 

OFFICIALS. 

SECTION I. All amateur meetings shall be under the direction of 

A Games Committee, 

One Referee, 

Two or more Inspectors, 

Three Judges at Finish, 

Three or more Field Judges, 

Three or more Timekeepers, 

One Judge of Walking, 

One Starter, 

One Clerk of the Course, 

One Scorer, 

One Marshal. 
Sec. 2. If deemed necessary, assistants may be provided for the 
Judge of Walking, the Clerk of the Course, the Scorer, and the 
Marshal, and an Official Announcer may be appointed. 

RULE II. 

THE GAMES COMMITTEE 

in all national championship meetings shall be appointed by the 

Championship Committee, 



ATHLETIC RULES. 77 

The Games Committee at any cfub meeting shall be composed of 
members of the club holding the meeting. 

This Committee shall have jurisdiction of all matters noi assigned 

by these rules to the Referee or other games officials. (See also 
Rule XV.) 

RULE III. 

•1 HE REFEREE 
shall decide all questions relating to the actual conduct of the n$2et- 
ing, whose final settlement is not otherwise covered by these rules. 

He alone shall have the power to change the order of events as laid 
down in the official programme, and to add to or to alter the 
announced arrangement of heats in any event. A referee has no 
authority, after heats have been duly drawn and published in a pro 
gramme, to transfer a contestant from one heat to another. 

When in any but the final heat of a race, a claim of foul or inter- 
ference is made, he shall have the power to disqualify the competitor 
who was at fault, if he considers the foul intentional or due to culp- 
able carelessness, and shall also have the power to allow the hindered 
competitor to start in the next round of heats, just as if he had been 
placed in his trial. 

When, in a final heat, a claim of foul or interference is made, he 
shall have the power to disqualify the competitor who was at fault, if 
he considers the foul intentional or due to culpable carelessness, and 
he shall also have the power to order a new race between such of the 
competitors as he thinks entitled to such a privilege. 

If, during any athletic contest under the rules of the Amateur Ath- 
letic Union, a competitor shall conduct himself in a manner unbecom- 
ing a gentleman, or offensive to the officials, spectators or competitors, 
the referee shall have the power to disqualify him from further com- 
petition at the meeting ; and if he thinks the offense worthy of addi- 
tional punishment shall promptly make a detailed statement of the 
facts to the Registration Committee in whose territory the offense 
was committed. 

RULE IV. 
THE INSPECTORS 

It shall be the duty of an Inspector to stand at such point a- the 
Referee may designate ; to watch the competition closely, and in case 



7 3 ATHLETIC RULES. 

of a claim of foul to report to the Referee what he saw of the incident. 
Such Inspectors are merely assistants to the Referee, to whom they 
shall report, and have no power to make any decisions. 

RULE V. 

THE I DOES AT FINISH 

shall determine the order of finishing of contestants and shall arrange 
among themselves as to noting the winner, second, third, fourth, 
etc., as the case may require. 

Their decision in this respect shall he without appeal, and in case 
of disagreement a majority shall govern. 

RULE VI. • 

THE FIELD JUDGES 

shall make an accurate measurement, and keep a tally of all competi- 
tors in the high and broad jumps, the pole vault, the weight competi- 
tions and the tug of war, 

They shall act as judges of these events, and their decisions, as to 
facts, shall likewise be without appeal. In case of disagreement 3 
majority shall £pr°rn, 

RULE VII. 

THE TIMEKEEPERS 

shall be three in number. They shall individually time all events 
where time record is required, and determine among themselves and 
announce the official time of each heat or race. 

Should two of the three watches mark the same time and the third 
disagree, the time marked by the two watches shall be accepted. 
Should all thre3 disagree, the time marked by the intermediate watch 
shall be accepted. 

The flash of the pistol shall denote the actual time of starting. 

If, for any reason, only two watches record the time of an event 
and they fail to agree, the longest time of the two shall be accepted, 

Note. — For record, however, three watches must be held on ai? 
event. See Rule IV.. General Rules of the Amateur Athletic Union 



A I 1 1 I.I I [C RULES. 79 

RULE VIII. 

THE STARTER 

shall have sole jurisdiction over the competitors after the Clerk of 
the Course has properly placid them in their positions for the start. 

The method of starting shall he by pistol report, except that in 
time handicap races the word "go" shall be used. 

An actual start shall not be effected until .the pistol has been pur- 
posely discharged after the competitors have been warned to get 
ready. In case the pistol was not purposely discharged the competi- 
tors shall be called back by the starter by pistol fire. (NorE. — The 
starter must have at least two good cartridges in his pistol before 
starting a heat). 

When any part of the person of a competitor shall touch the ground 
in front of his mark before the starting signal is given, it shall be 
considered a false start. 

Penalties for false starting shall be inflicted by the Starter, as 
follows: 

In all races up to and including 125 yards the competitor shall be 
put back one yard for the first and another yard for the second 
attempt; in races over 125 yards and including 300 yards, two yards 
for the first and two more for the second attempt; in races over 300 
yards and including 600 yards, three yards for the first and three more 
for the second attempt; in races over 600 yards and including 1,000 
yards, four yards for the first and four more for the second attempt ; 
in races over 1,000 yards and including one mile, five yards for the 
first and five more for the second attempt; in all races over one mile, 
ten yards for the first and ten more for the second attempt. In all 
cases the third false start shall disqualify the offender from that event. 

The starter shall also rule out of that event any competitor who 

attempts to advance himself from his mark, as prescribed in the 

official programme after the starter has given the warning to "get 

readv." 

RULE IX. 

THE CLERK OF THE COURSE 

shall be provided with the names and the numbers of all entered com- 
petitors, and he shall notify them to appear at the starting line before 
the start in each event in which they are entered. 



So ATHLETIC RULES. 

In case of handicap events from marks, he shall place each competitor 
behind his proper mark; shall immediately notify the Starter should 
any competitor attempt to advance himself after the Starter has warned 
them to "get ready;" and in time allowance handicaps shall furnish the 
Starter with the number and time allowance of each actual competitor. 
He shall control his assistants, and assign to them such duties as he 
may deem proper. RULE X. 

THE JUDGE OF WALKING 

shall have sole power to determine the fairness or unfairness of walk- 
ing, and his rulings thereon shall be final and without appeal. He 
shall caution -any competitor whenever walking unfairly, the third 
caution to disqualify, except that he shall immediately disqualify any 
competitor when walking unfairly during the last 220 yards of a race. 
He shall control his assistants, and assign to them such of his duties 

as he may deem proper. 

RULE XI. 

THE SCORER 

shall record the order in which each competitor finishes his event, 
together with the time furnished him by the Timekeepers. He shall 
keep a tally of the laps made by each competitor in races covering more 
than one lap, and shall announce by means of a bell, or otherwise, when 
the leading man enters the last lap. He shall control his assistants, 
and assign to them such of his duties as he may deem proper. 
RULE XII. 

THE MARSHAL 

shall have full police charge of the enclosure, and shall prevent any 
but officials and actual competitors from entering or remaining therein. 
He shall control his assistants, and assign to them their duties. 
RULE XIII. 

THE OFFICIAL ANNOUNCER 

shall receive from the Scorer and Field Judges the result of each event, 
and announce the same by voice, or by means of a bulletin board. 
RULE XIV. 
Trainers and handlers shall not be allowed within the centre field or 
inner circle, or on the track immediately prior to or during competi- 
tions at championship meetings, except in distance races exceeding 
one mile; not to include A. A. U. championship meeting. 



\ I11I.ETIC RULES. 8l 

RULE XV. 

COMPETITORS 
shall report to the Clerk of the Course immediately upon their arrival 
at the place of meeting, and shall be provided by that official with 
their proper numbers, which must be worn conspicuously by the com- 
petitors when competing, and without which they shall not be allowed 
to start. 

Each competitor shall inform himself of the lime of starting, and 
shall be promptly at the starting point of each competition in which 
he is entered, and there report to the Clerk of the Course. 

Under no condition shall any attendants be allowed to accompany 
competitors at the start or during any competition, except in match 
races, where special agreement may be made. 
RULE XVI. 

PROTESTS 

against any entered competitor may be made verbally or in writing to 
the Games Committee or any member thereof before the meeting, or 
to the Referee during the meeting. If possible, the Committee or 
Referee shall decide such protests at once. If the nature of the pro- 
test or the necessity of obtaining testimony prevents an immediate 
decision, the competitor shall be allowed to compete under protest, 
and the protest shall be decided by the Games Committee within one 
week, unless its subject be the amateur standing of the competitor, in 
which case the Games Committee must report such protest within 
forty-eight hours to the member of the Registration Committee in 
whose territory the games are being held. 
RULE XVII. 

TRACK MEASUREMENT. 

All distances run or walked shall be measured upon a line eighteen 
inches outward from the inner edge of the track, except that in races 
on straightaway tracks the distance shall be measured in a direct line 
from the starting mark to the finishing line. 
RULE XVIII. 

THE COURSE. 

Each competitor shall keep in his respective position from start to 
finish in all races on straightaway tracks, and in all races on tracks 



82 ATHLETIC RULES. 

with one or more turns he shall not cross to the inner edge of the 
track, except when he is at least six feet in advance of his nearest 
competitor. After turning the last corner into the straight in any 
race, each competitor must keep a straight course to the finish line, 
and not cross, either to the outside or the inside, in front of any of 
his opponents. 

In all championship races of the Amateur Athletic Union, or any 
of its Associations, at any distance under and including 300 yards, 
each competitor shall have a separate course, properly roped, staked 
and measured, whether the race be run on a straight path or around 
one or more curves. 

The Referee shall disqualify from that event any competitor who 
wilfully pushes against, impedes, crosses the course of, or in any way 
interferes with another competitor. 

The Referee shall disqualify from further participation in the games 
any contestant competing to lose, to coach, or to in any way impede 
the chances of another competitor either in a trial or final contest. 

RULE XIX. 

THE FINISH. 

The finish of the course shall be represented by a line between two 
finishing posts, drawn across and at right angles to the sides of the 
track, and four feet above which line shall be placed a tape attached 
at either end to the finishing posts. A finish shall be counted when 
any part of the winner's body, except his hands or arms, shall reach 
the finish line. The order of finishing for second and third places, 
and so on, shall be decided in the same manner. 

RULE XX. 

HURDLES. 

Different heights, distances and number of hurdles may be selected 
for hurdle races. 

In the 120 yards hurdle race, ten hurdles shall be used ; each hurdle 
to be three feet six inches high. They shall be placed ten yards 
apart, with the first hurdle fifteen yards distant from the starting 
point, and the last hurdle fifteen yards before the finishing line. In 
the 220 yards hurdle race \er\ hurdles shall be used, each hurdle to be 



Al 1(1. Kl IC RULES. 83 

two feet six inches high. They shall be placed tw.enty yards aparl 
with the first lixir-1 lc- twenty yards distant from the starting mark, and 
the last hurdle twenty yards before the finishing line. 

In hurdle races of other distances, and with different numbers <>f 
hurdles, the hurdles shall he placed at equal intervals, with the 
same space between the first hurdle and the starting point, and the 
last hurdle and the finishing line as between each of the hurdles. 

In making a record it shall be necessary for the competitor to jump 
over every hurdle in its proper position. 

In all championship hurdle races of the Amateur Athletic Union, 
or any of its Associations, up to and including 300 yards, each com- 
petitor shall have separate hurdles and a separate course marked out 
and measmed independently, whether races are run straightawav 01 
with turns. 

RULE XXI. 

TIES. 

In all contests whose results are determ ned by measurement oi 
height or distance, ties shall be decided as follows : 

In handicap contests the award shall be given to the competitor who 
received the least allowance. In case of a tie between two or more 
competitors who received the same allowance, the decision shall be 
made as in scratch contests. 

In case of a tie in a scratch contest at high jumping or vaulting. 
the tieing competitors shall have three additional trials at the height 
last tried, and if still undecided, the bar shall be lowered to the height 
next below, and three trials taken at that height. If no one clears it, 
the bar shall be lowered again and again until one of the competitors 
clears it. In case of a second tie, the award shall be given to the 
competitor who cleared the bar with the least number of trials. 

In case of a tie in a scratch contest at any game decided by distance, 
each of the tieing competitors shall have three additional trials, and 
the award shall be made in accordance with the distances cleared in 
these additional trials. In case of a second tie three more trials shall 
be allowed, and so on, until a decision is reached. In case of a dead 
heat in any track events, the competitors shall not be allowed to 
divide the prize or points, or to toss for them, but must compete 
again at a time and place appointed by the referee. 



S4 ATHLETIC RULES. 

ORDER OF COMPETITION IN FIELD EVENTS. 

In all scratch events the competitors shall take their trials in the 
Order of their names as printed in the programme. 

In all handicap events the competitor having the greatest allowance 
shall make the first trial, and so on, in regular order, up to the com- 
petitor at scratch or with least allowance, who shall have the last trial. 

RULE XXII. 

JUMPING. 

Section I. A fair jump shall he one that is made without the 
assistance of weights, diving, somersaults or hand springs of any kind. 

the running high jump. 

Sec. 2. The Field Judges shall decide the height at which the 
jump shall commence, and shall regulate the succeeding elevations. 

Each competitor shall be allowed three trial jumps at each height, 
and if on the third trial he shall fail, he shall be declared out of the 
competition. 

At each successive height each competitor shall take one trial in 
his proper turn, then those failing, if any, shall have their second 
trial jump in a like order, after which those having failed twice shall 
make their third trial jump. 

The jump shall be made over a bar resting on pins projecting not 
more than three inches from the uprights, and when this bar is 
removed from its place it shall be counted as a. trial jump. 

Running under the bar in making an attempt to jump shall be 
counted as a "balk," and three successive "balks" shall be counted 
as a trial jump. 

The distance of the run before the jump shall be unlimited. 

A competitor may decline to jump at any height in his turn, and, 
by so doing, forfeits his right to again jump at the height declined. 

THE standing high jump. 

Sec. 3. The feet of the competitor may be placed in any position, 
but shall leave the ground only once in making an attempt to jump. 
When the feet are lifted from the ground twice, or two springs are 
made in making the attempt, it shall count as ?„ trial jump without 



\ rm ETIC ki i ; 85 

result. A competiu.. may rock forward and Lack, lifting heels and 
toes alternately from (lie ground, but may not lift, either foot clear 
from the ground or slide it along tli c ground in any direction. 

With this exception the rules governing the Running High Jump 
shall also govern the Standing High Jump. 

THE RUNNING BRO \l> Ji Ml'. 

Sec. 4. When jumped on earth a joist five inches wide shall he 
sunk flush with it. The outer edge of this joist shall be called the 
scratch line, and the measurement of all jumps shall be made from it 
at right angles to the nearest break in the ground made by any part 
of the person of the competitor. 

in front of the scratch line the ground shall lie removed to the 
depth of three and the width of twelve inches outward. 

A foul jump shall be one where the competitor in jumping off the 
scratch line makes a mark on the ground immediately in front of it, 
or runs over the line without jumping, and shall count as a trial jump 
without result. 

Each competitor shall have three trial jumps, and the best three 
shall each have three more trial jumps. 

The competition shall be decided by the best of all the trial jumps 
of the competitors. 

The distance of the run before the scratch line shall be unlimited. 

THE POLE VAULT. 

Sec. 5. Poles shall be furnished by the club giving the games, but 
contestants may use their private poles if they so desire, and no con- 
testant shall be allowed to use any of these private poles, except by 
the consent of its owner. The poles shall be unlimited as to size and 
weight, but shall have no assisting devices, except that they may be 
wound or wrapped with any substance for the purpose of affording a 
firmer grasp, and may have one prong at the lower end. 

No competitor shall, during his vault, raise the hand which was 
uppermost when he left the ground to a higher point of the pole, nor 
shall he raise the hand which was undermost when he left the 
ground to any point on the pole above the other hand. 

Any competitor wdio uses a pole without a spike shall be allowed 
to dig a hole net more than one foot in diameter at the tak- 
which to plant his pole. ^ 



S6 ATHLETIC RULES. 

The rules governing the Running High Jump shall also govern 
the Pole Vault for height, and ihe rule governing the Running 
Broad Jump shall also govern the Pole Vault for distance, except 
that when the man leaves the ground in an attempt, it shall be counted 

a trial. 

the standing broad jump. 

Sec. 6. The feet of the competitor may be placed in any position, 
but shall leave the ground only once in making an attempt to jump. 
When the feet are lifted from the ground twice, or two springs are 
made in making the attempt, it shall count as a trial jump without 
result. A competitor may rock forward and back, lifting heels and 
toes alternately from the ground, but may not lift either foot clear of 
the ground, or slide it along the ground in any direction. 

In all other respects the rule governing the Running Broad Jump 
shall also govern the Standing Broad Jump. 

THE THREE STANDING BROAD JUMPS. 

Sec. 7. The feet of the competitor shall leave the ground only once 
in making an attempt for each of the three jumps, and no stoppage 
between jumps shall be allowed. In all other respects the rules gov- 
erning the Standing Broad Jump shall also govern the Three 
Standing Broad Jumps. 

running hop., step and jump. 

Sec. 8. The competitor shall first land upon the same foot with 
which he shall have taken off. The reverse foot shall be used for 
the second landing, and both feet shall be used for the third landing. 

In all other respects the rules governing the Running Broad Jump 
shall also govern the Running Hop, Step and Jump. 

RULE XXIII. 

The shot shall be a metal sphere with a covering of any material, 
and the combined weight for championship contests shall be 16 
pounds. It is optional with the Games Committee of handicap meet- 
ings to offer competitions of shots weighing from 12 pounds upwards. 

The shot shall be "put" with one hand, and in making the at- 
tempt it shall be above and not behind the shoulder. 



ATHLETIC ki I.KK. S7 

All puts shall be made from a circle seven feet in diameter. The 
circle to be a metal or wooden ring, painted or whitewashed, and 
sunk almost flush with the turf, and it shall be divided into two 
halves by a line drawn through the centre. In the middle of the 
circumference of the front half shall be placed a stop-board four feet 
long, four inches high, and firmly fastened to the ground. In making 
his puts, the feet of the competitor may rest against, but not on top 
of this board. 

A fair put shall be. one in which no part of the person of the com- 
petitor touches the top of the stop-board, the circle, or the ground 
outside the circle, and the competitor leaves the circle by its rear 
half, which shall be the half directly opposite the stop-board. A put 
shall be foul if any part of the person of the competitor touch the 
ground outside the front half of the circle before the put is measured. 

The measurement of each put shall be from the nearest mark made 
by the fall of the shot to the circumference of the circle on a line 
from the mark made by the shot to the centre of the circle. 

Foul puts and letting go the shot in making an attempt shall be 
counted as trial puts without result. 

A board similar to the one in front may be used at the back of the 
circle. 

The order of competing and number of trials shall be the same as 
for the running broad jump. Shots shall be furnished by the Games 
Committee. Any contestant may use his private shot, if correct in 
weight and shape ; in which case the other contestants must also be 
allowed to use it if they wish. 

RULE XXIV. 

THROWING THE 56-LB. WEIGHT. 

Section i. The weight shall be a metal sphere, with handle of any 
shape and material. Their combined weight shall be at least fifty-six 
pounds, and their combined height shall not be more than sixteen 
inches. 

All throws shall be made from a circle seven feet in diameter. 

The circle to be a metal or wooden ring, painted or whitewashed, 
and sunk almost flush with the turf. 

In making his throws the competitor may assume any position he 
chooses, and use one or both hands. 



88 ATHLETIC RULES. 

Foul throws and letting go the weight in an attempt shall count as 
trial throws without result. 

Weights shall be furnished by the Games Committee. Any con- 
testant may use his private weight, if correct in weight and shape; in 
which case the other contestants must also be allowed to use it if 
they wish. 

IN THROWING FOR DISTANCE. 

Sec. 2. A fair throw shall be where no part of the person of the 
competitor touches the circle, the ground outside the circle and the 
competitor leaves the circle by its rear half, which shall be that 
directly opposite the half occupied by the competitor at the moment 
of delivery, and shall be designated by an imaginary line drawn 
through the centre of the circle at right angles to the direction of 
the throw. 

The measurement of each throw shall be from the nearest mark 
made by the fall of any part of the weight or handle to the inside 
edge of the circumference of the circle on a line from the mark to 
the centre of the circle. 

The number of trials and method of decision shall be the same as 
in the running broad jump. 

IN THROWING FOR HEIGHT. 

Sec. 3. A barrel head three feet in diameter shall be suspended 
horizontally in the air. 

The field judges shall determine the height at which the barrel 
head shall be fixed at the beginning of the competition, and at each 
successive elevation. 

A fair throw shall be one where no part of the person of the com- 
petitor shall touch the circle or the ground outside of the circle before 
the weight touches the barrel head, and where any part of the weight 
or handle touches any part of the barrel head. 

The measurement of each throw shall be from the ground perpen- 
dicularly up to the lowest part of the barrel head. 

The method of competition shall be the same as in the running 
high jump. 



A I HLETIC RULES. 89 

RULE XXV. 

THROWING THE HAMMER. 

The head and handle may be of any size, shape and material, pro- 
vided that the length of the complete implement shall not be more 
than four feet and its weight not less than sixteen pounds. 

The competitor may assume any position he chooses, and use either 
one or both hands. 

All throws shall be made from a circle seven feet in diameter, the 
circle to be a metal or wooden ring, painted or whitewashed and sunk 
almost flush with the turf. 

A fair throw shall be where no part of the person of the competitor 
touches. the circle, the ground outside the circle and the competitor 
leaves the circle by its rear half, which shall be that directly oppo- 
site the half occupied by the competitor at the moment of delivery, 
and shall be designated by an imaginary line drawn through the 
centre of the circle at right angles to the direction of the throw. 

Foul throws and letting go of the hammer in an attempt shall count 
as trial throws. 

The measurement of each throw shall be from the nearest mark 
made by the fall of the head of the hammer to the inside circum- 
ference of the circle, on a line from the mark to the centre of the 
circle. 

The number of trials and methods of decision shall be the same as 
in the running broad jump. 

Hammers shall be furnished by the Games Committee. Any con- 
testant may use his private hammer, if correct in weight and length ; 
in which case the other contestants must also be allowed to use it if 
they wish. 

RULE XXVI. 

THROWING THE DISCUS. 

The discus shall be of smooth, hard wood body without finger 
holes, weighted in centre with lead discs and capped with polished 
brass discs, with steel ring on the outside. The weight of the discus 
shall be four and one-half (4^) pounds ; outside diameter, eight (8) 
inches ; thickness in centre, two (2) inches. 



go ATHLETIC RULES. 

The circle for throwing the discus shall be similar in all respects 
to that of throwing the 56-pound weight and 16-pound hammer. 

In making his throws the competitor may assume any position he 
pleases, and the rules governing a "fair throw" to be the same as the 
hammer and 56-pound weight. 

A discus shall be furnished by the Games Committee. Any com- 
petitor may use his private discus, if correct in weight and shape ; in 
which case the other contestants shall be allowed to use it if they wish. 

The measurement of each throw shall be made from the nearest 
mark made by the fall of the discus to the inside circumference of the 
circle on a line from the mark made by the discus to the centre of the 
circle. 

RULE XXVII. 

TUGS-OF-WAR 

Tugs-of-War shall be "pulled on cleats made of wood, same to be at 
least four inches thick, six inches high and twenty-two inches long, 
and at least six feet six inches apart. The distance from the clamp 
in the centre to the first cleat on either side shall be not less than six 
feet. 

The cleats shall be set on edge and bolted to the board. 

The rope shall be a manilla, three-stranded rope, not less than four- 
and-a-half nor more than five inches in circumference. There shall 
be a clamp equidistant from the first cleat on either side, which shall 
be sufficient to hold the rope in position until released. 

The clamp shall not make an appreciable kink in the rope. Any 
position may be assumed before the pistol is fired. No mechanical 
device shall be used for holding the rope. No belt other than one to 
protect the body shall be used. The flanges to hold the rope in place 
shall not be constructed so as to bind on the rope in any position that 
the anchor may assume. Leather shields and gloves may be used, 
and adhesive substances may be put on the same. The belt shall not 
weigh more than twenty pounds. Competitors shall not use weights 
in unlimited pulls, but in pulls limited to specified weights, competi- 
tors may use weights, providing the total weight of the team, includ- 
ing weights, does not exceed the limit. 



ATHLETIC Ki LBS. 91 

The standard time limit for each pull shall be five minutes, and a 
rest of not less than ten minutes shall be allowed each competitor be- 
tween trial pulls. A shorter or longer time limit may be agreed upon 
for other than championship contests. 

When tugs-of-war are limited to teams of a given weight, competi- 
tors shall be weighed before competing. They shall be weighed as 
they pull; i. e., including clothing, shoes, belt, etc. 

The weighing-in shall be done immediately before the pull. 

No knot of any kind shall be tied in the rope, and the rope shall 
not be passed more than once around the body of the anchor. 

In no case shall any man pull on more than one team in a contest, 
and no substitute shall be allowed to pull on any team that has pulled 

a trial. 

In case a team gains three feet from its opponents, it shall be 

awarded the pull. 

Immediately before the competition the captains of the opposing 
teams shall draw their numbers and compete as follows : To have a 
preliminary round of as many contests as the total number of teams 
exceeds 2, 4, 8, 16 or 32, and drop the losers. This leaves in 2, 4, 8, 
16 or 32 teams, and the competition then proceeds regularly with no 
byes or uneven contests. 

No pull shall be awarded by less than half an inch. 

All competitors who. have been beaten by the winner shall be 
entitled to compete for second place, and all who have been beaten by 
the winners of either first or second place shall be entitled to compete 
for third place. 

The individual tug-of-war shall also be governed by the team rules 
and the contestants must pull from the first cleat from the elamp. 

RULE XX VI II. 
SWIMMING. 

Section I. Officials shall consist of one Referee, three Judges at 
the Finish, three Timekeepers, one Starter, one Clerk of the Course 
with assistants, if necessary 

Sec. 2. Duties and powers of these officials shall be the same as is 
prescribed for them in the foregoing Rules. 



92 ATHLETIC RULES. 

Sec, 3. In the 100 yards** Swimming Race each competitor shall 
stand with one or both feet on the starting line, and when the signal 
is given, shall plunge. ' Stepping back, either before or after the 
signal, will not be allowed. 

Sec. 4. The start for longer races shall be the same as the 100 yards, 
except that competitors may start in the water (tread-water start) 
from an imaginary line. 

Sec. 5. Each competitor shall keep a straight course, parallel with 
the courses of the other competitors, from the starting station to the 
opposite point in the finish line. Competitors will be started ten 
feet apart, and each one is entitled to a straight lane of water, ten 
feet wide, from start to finish. Any contestant who, when out of his 
own water, shall touch another competitor, is liable to disqualifica- 
tion from that event, subject to the discretion of the Referee. 

Sec. 6. Each competitor shall have finished the race when any part 
of his person reaches the finish line. 

RULE XXIX. 

All organizations who have received sanction for any contests where 
prizes are offered on entry blanks, shall be required to send to the 
local registration committee, before the date of the games, a copy of 
their entry blank, and must state the value of the prizes to be given 
for each event. 

After November 19th, 1900, no sanction will be given to any organ- 
ization which shall fail to give prizes as stated on their entry blanks, 
and from the same date, with every sanction granted, shall be sent a 
copy of Section 6, Article XI., of the Constitution and this rule. 



WHA'l TO i I- 



Necessary Implements and Arrangements for 
an Athletic Contest 




Take-off Board 
for broad jumping. 



We give below a short description of the articles necessary for 
an athletic meeting. A full and complete description of each, with 
prices, can be obtained from Spalding's Athletic Goods Catalogue, 
which will be sent free by A. G. Spalding & Bros., from their stores 
in any of the following cities: New York, Chicago, Denver, Buffalo, 
Baltimore, Philadelphia, St. Louis, San Francisco, Kansas City, 
Minneapolis or Montreal. Write to the town nearest to you. 

In laying out or re-arranging grounds great 
care should be taken to see that the field 
sports can go on without interference, and in 
the management of .a large meeting it is very 
essential that more than one field sport should 
go on at one time. Therefore it should be arranged to have the 
running broad jump, running high jump and the circles for weight- 
throwing separated. In order to have your plant as perfect as possi- 
ble, it is necessary that you have all the apparatus that is necessary, 
not only to conduct an athletic meet, but to give the different athletes 
an opportunity to practice the various sports. 

There are many things that are required. 
Great care should be taken in the arrangement of 
the broad jump. The toe board is a very im- 
portant article and is generally overlooked, and 
the runway requires as much attention as the track. 
At the average athletic grounds the jumping path is usually neglected. 

In the sprint races, wherever possible, 
each contestant should be given his 
own lane. A lane can be made of iron 
fa. stakes driven in the ground about 
eighteen inches apart and strung with 
cords. 




Hoard. 




94 



WHAT TO USE 





For the pole vaulters and 
high jumpers you should pro- 
cure two sets of wooden 
apparatus — Spalding's com- 
plete apparatus No. 109. If 
the pole jump and high jump 
go on at the same time, an 
extra lot of cross-bars should 
be on hand and three or four 
different poles. 



For the weights you 
will be required to fur- 
nish a 16-lb. Spald- 
ing Championship Ball 
Bearing Hammer, as 
originally designed by 
Champion John Flana- 
gan. It is now universally used by all the good weight throwers. 
The ball-bearing swivel hammer is in great demand and favored. It 
does away with the breaking of handles, and Flanagan claims it can 
be thrown many feet further than the old style hammer. Schoolboys 
invariably use the 12-pound shot and the 12-pound 
hammer. If they desire lead shot, it usually costs a 
little more than the iron. The 16-pound iron shot 
can be bought for about $1.25, and the 12-pound shot 
for $1.00. 
The regulation 56 pound weight, 
known as the " Mitchel " weight, 
can be secured for $7.00, and with 
it comes two handles, one for the 
man who throws with one hand 
and the other for the two-handed 
thrower. 



Spalding's Championship Ball Bearing Hammer. 





Regulation 56-Pound Weight. 



WHAT TO USE 



95 




inches from the Fost « Patent Safety Hurdle 

at 2 ft. 6 in. height. 




The most suitable hurdles on the market 

are the Foster Patent Safety Hurdles. The 

frame is 2 feet 6 inches in height with a 

horizontal rod passing through it two feet 

above the ground. The hurdle is a wooden 

gate 2 feet high swinging on this rod at a 

point 6 inches from one of the sides and 1 8 

inches from the other. With the short side 

up it measures 2 feet 6 

ground, and with the long side up 3 feet 6 

inches. The hurdle can be changed from 

one height to the other in a few seconds, 

and is held firmly in either position by a 

thumb-screw on the rod. It would be hard 

to conceive any device more simple or more 

easily handled than this. The invention 

Foster Patent Safety Hurdle was used exclusively at the Pan-American 
at 3 ft. 6 in. height. „ . , . , 

Sports and has met with the approval of the 

best known physical directors and trainers of the country. 
The Spalding Official 
Discus should always be 
on the grounds. This re- 
tails for $5.00. 

A megaphone is now a 
necessary adjunct to an athletic meeting. With 
a megaphone almost any amateur can announce 
the results distinctly. 
The captain of the club should 
endeavor to have in his posses- 
sion a pistol so that the boys 
can practice starting, and a 
whistle for announcing that 
everything is ready for a start and 
also for attracting the attention of the officials, 
several measuring tapes and several balls of yarn for the finish. 

The athlete is also advised to consult the following books which 
contain a great deal of useful and necessary information on their 





Official Di 




Starter's Pistol. 




Measurin 



g6 WHAT TO USE 

respective subjects : No. 27 — College Athletics, by Michael C. 
Murphy, the Yale trainer; No. 37 — Ail-Around Athletics; No. 135 
— Official Amateur Athletic Union Handbook, which contains the rules 
under which every set of athletic games must be contested, and 
should be studied by every athlete who intends to compete; No. 136 
—Official Handbook of the Athletic League of Y. M. C. A.'s; No. 
145 — Official Athletic Almanac, published yearly, and the only pub- 
lication containing all the official athletic records, besides portraits 
of leading athletes and pictures of important athletic events; No. 
149 — The Care of the Body, by Prof. Warman, the famous exponent 
of physical culture ; No. 153 — Official Inter-Collegiate Handbook, 
contains the official rules of the Inter-Collegiate A. A. A., and shouh 
be studied by every athlete who intends to compete in college event?* 
No. 157 — Athletes' Guide, contains full directions for learning how to 
sprint, jump, hurdle and throw weights, with general hints on 
training for each, special chapters of advice to beginners, and im- 
portant A. A. U. rules and their explanations, compiled by James E. 
Sullivan, Secretary-Treasurer of the Amateur Athletic Union, and 
is profusely illustrated from actual photographs of the leading 
athletes in action. The price of any of the above is ten cents, 
and they can be obtained generally from any newsdealer or from 
ihe publishers, American Sports Publishing Company, 16 18 Park 
Place, New York. 



What to Wear. 



It is very important that the beginner in 
athletics should know what to wear for 
the different sports. The ordinary athlete, 
the runner, will require a pair of sprinting 
shoes, No. 2-0, that retail for $5.00. It 
was with this style shoe that Wefers made 
all his records. John Cregan, the Inter- 
collegiate Champion, wore them, as well as 
Charles Kilpatrick, the peerless half-mile 
runner and celebrated record holder, and 




i-0 Running Shoes. 




No. A Sweater, 
retails at 75 cents 
cost the athlete 15 cents ; pushers for the 
running shoes, 25 cents ; the bath robe is 
now an essential part of an athlete's outfit, 
these retail at $5.00. This complete outfit 
costs $19.40. They are all good, service- 
able articles. 

The second quality of the same line of 
goods can be bought as follows : sprinting 
shoes, No. 10, $4.00 ; sweater, No. B, 



Arthur J. Duffey, who has gone the 100 yards 
in 9 3-5 seconds. The sweater, No. A, of 
finest Australian lamb's wool, was made 
originally by special order for the Yale 
foot ball team and now used by all inter- 
collegiate athletes, is one of the best in the 
market, sells for $6.00 ; athletic shirt, No. 
600, at $1.50; athletic pants, No. 3, at 75 
cents ; a supporter is very essential for an 
athlete and nearly all the champions use 
them ; No. 5 is the most suitable one and 
a pair of corks will 




No. 14-H Jumping Shoes. 



98 



WHAT TO WEAR 




No. 14-C 
Cross Country Shoes. 



$5.00 ; shirt, No. 6 E, 50 cents ; pants, 

No. 4, 50 cents ; supporter, No. 2, 50 cents ; 

corks, No. 1,15 cents ; pushers, No. 5, 25 

cents ; bath robe, $3.50. This second 

grade outfit costs $14.40. 

The pole-vaulter will want the same 

outfit, with the exception of a pair of 

jumping shoes, No. 14-H, which sell for 

$5.00, and a pair of wrist supporters, No. 

200, which can be bought for about 35 

cents. There is one article that a pole-vaulter must have, and that is 

his own pole. There is an awful lot in getting used to a pole and 

having confidence in the one that is yours, because no other contestant 

is allowed to use it according to the rules, which is quite right, for we 
have often seen a pole-vaulter make the fatal mistake 
of allowing much heavier men use his pole and break 
it. Any one can naturally understand that a man 
who weighs 160 pounds cannot use a pole designed 
for a man weighing 115 pounds. The best pole on 
the market for athletic purposes is the 15-foot 6-inch 
pole as supplied by A. G. Spalding & Bros, to the 
Princeton University A. A. This pole is made of 
hollow spruce, thus being much lighter, and owing to 

a special preparation with which it is filled, the strength and stiffness 

is greatly increased. It retails for $10.50 ; a 14-foot pole, hollow, 

retails for $9.50, and the solid for $6.00. Usually the vaulter will 

wrap the pole to suit his own tastes. 

The high jumper and the broad jumper will 

want an outfit as follows : jumping shoes, No. 

14-H, $5.00 ; sweater, No. A, $6.00 ; shirt, No. 

600, $1.50 ; pants, No. 3, 75 cents ; supporter, 

No. 5, 75 cents ; corks, No. I, 15 cents ; pushers, 

No. 5, 25 cents ; bath robe, $5.00. 

An outfit, with several of the articles of a cheaper 

grade than the above, costs : jumping shoes, No. 

14-H, $5.00; sweater, No. B, $5.00; shirt, No. 6-E, Running Pants. 




No. 600 Shirt. 




WHAT tO WEAR 



9<) 




No. 5 Chamois Pusher. 



5o cents; pants, No. 4, 50 cents; supporter, 
No. 2, 50 cents ; corks, No. I, 15 cents ; 
pushers, No. 5, 25 cents; bathrobe, $3.50. 
The man who throws the weights will 
require the same wearing apparel as the 
pole-vaulter or the runner. John Flan- 
agan and James Mitchel, two of the 

greatest weight throwers in the world, wear what is known as the 
No. 14-H shoe, with a short spike, which retails for §5.00. It is 
very essential that the weight thrower should have his own imple- 
ments ; in fact, nearly all the champion weight throwers carry their 
own weights with them and guard them jealously. 

Without doubt the best hammer in the market to-day is the ball- 
bearing championship hammer as designed and used by John Flana- 
gan, the record holder and champion thrower of the world. This 
sells for $10.00. An extra leather case for 
carrying these hammers will cost the athlete 
$2.00. The regulation hammer, lead, you 
can get for $4.50, and the iron at $3.25. 
The 16-pound shot, lead, will cost $2.50, and 
the iron, $1.25. The 56-pound weight, lead, will cost $8.50, and the 
iron $7.00. With the Spalding 56-pound weight come two sets of 
handles, one for one hand and one for two hands ; and I would advise 
any weight thrower who wants to become expert to carry his own 
weights and particularly his own hammer. He can then arrange 
to have the grip made to suit himself, and when necessary to cover 
it with leather, and he will not be called upon when he goes 
to a competition to take the ordinary hammer with a handle that 
every one has used and with which he is not familiar. Many 
a man has lost his event by not having his own weight. Robert 
Edgren invariably carries his own hammer with 
a handle suitable for him, and to which he is 
accustomed. 

Athletes should make it a point to have two suits 
of athletic apparel, one for competition and one for 
practice purposes. The clothing that some of our 

L.cfC 




No, 1 Running Corks 




No. 5 Supporter. 



IOO WHAT TO WEAR 

crack athletes wear in competition is a disgrace to athletics, and it 
adds a great deal to an athlete's appearance to appear neat and clean 
when taking part in athletic competition. In practice within one's 
club or grounds almost any kind of clothing can be used. A sprinter 
should have two pairs of running shoes, one a very heavy pair for 
practicing in (the cross country shoe, No. 14-C, makes a very good 
shoe for this purpose, and can be had with or without spikes on heels), 
and a light pair for racing. One of the best professional sprinters 
that ever wore a shoe made it a point to train for all his races in 
very heavy sprinting shoes. Aside from the benefit that is claimed 
for practicing in heavy shoes, you always feel as though you have a 
pair of shoes that will be ready for any race that is scheduled, and 
bear in mind it does not pay to buy athletic implements or clothing 
that are cheap. They don't wear and cannot give you the service 
that you will get from articles that are official and made by a 
reputable house. 






!&? 




, m 




A "■ ■' a* ' 


K \ 








y^fe 




1 • 













/"pen flinutes' Exercise 

Dr. Luther Guiick for Busy Hen 

Dr. Gulick says: "The experi- 
ence of years has demonstrated the 
efficiency of the exercises contained 
in 'Ten Minutes' Exercise for Busy 
Men ' in securing the ends for w hich 
they were devised. Many letters 
have been written by men, testifying 
to the great benefit which they have 
secured from these few minutes of 
simple but vigorous work. 

f , * * * fhg correspondence 
schools of physical training have 
come into great activity. Their 
general aim is to build up big mus- 
cles. A somewhat careful investi- 
gation of them satisfies me that they 
are inferior to the exercises in this 
drill for purposes of building up 
vigor and manliness. 

" One of the most vigorous claims 
of some of these schools, namely, 
that the heart particularly is bene- 
fited by their work, is false, for I 
have had case after case of men 
whose hearts have been injured by 
taking the correspondence schools' 
work when they were not in condi- 
tion for it. ■§ 

** The exercises in ■ Ten Minutes' 
Exercise for Busy Men' are recom- 
mended with the confidence of long, 
successful use. The results secured 
are better than those possible from 
the correspondence school work in 
the specific directions mentioned." 




PRICE BY 

MAIL 
10 CENTS 

American 

Sports 

Publishing 

Co. 

1 6- 1 8 Park 

Place 
New York 



A COURSE IN 

Scientific Physical 

1 raitling EdwardB .Warman 

J8JB|^ Author of ''Practical Orthoepy 

/ mBm™ and Critique;" "Gestures and 

/r ^ll|9 Attitudes;" "Delsarte Philoso- 

r 3Wr l ,n V;" "The Voice — How to 

4_. Y Train It, How to Care for It," 

if 1 "How to Read, Recite and Im- 

% V personate." 


/i \ 




m k 

mm P 
v ^ 


l 


\\ A Complete Course of Phy= 
j\ sical Training for Home 
I Use— In Three Series 

|' 1 No. 149— Spalding's Athletic 
% \ Library. The Care of the 
fir \ Body. Price 10 cents. 

i J No. 142— Spalding's Athletic 
iff Library. Physical Training; 
Tgl complete, thorough, practical; 
W no apparatus. Fully adapted 
M for both sexes. Price 10 cents. 

i* No. 166— Spalding's Athletic 
Library. Indian Club Exer- 
cises Price 10 cents. 


These three books form 
. a complete course in 
\ physical development for 
\ any man or woman, and 

should be read by all 
/ who desire a perfect body 






J A. G. Spalding: & Bros. 

^ New York Chicago 

Denver 
1 Buffalo Baltimore 




HOW TO BECOME A BOXER 

For many years publications have 
been issued on the art of boxing that 
to a certain extent did not enable the 
novice nor the youth to become pro- 
ficient in the manly art. There is 
probably no man in America better 
qualified to teach boxing than Prof. 
William Elmer, and in his book on 
the subject he goes into it very ex- 
haustively. The book contains about 
seventy full page illustrations, show- 
ing how each blow is to be made, 
how to attack and how to defend 
yourself. It shows how the hands 
must be held and the positions to 
take, with descriptions that are so 
accurate that any boy can take them, 
open them up and with a young friend 
become proficient. Besides being a 
fully illustrated book on the art of 
self-defence, it contains nearly all 
the photographs of the leading Amer- 
ican boxers and the positions they 
take, which in itself is instructive ; 
the different rules under which all 
contests are held, and articles which 
will interest anyone on the question 
of physical education. In order to 
make this publication the most ac- 
curate one issued, Prof. Elmer had 
his sparring partner posed personally 
for all the illustrations. 

PRICE BY MAIL 10 CENTS. 

American Sports Publishing Co. 

16-18 Park Place, New York. 



Spalding's Running Shoes 




Finest Calfskin Running Shoe; light weight, 
hand-made, six spikes. 

No. 10. Per pair, $4.00 



Calfskin Running Shoe, machine made. 
No. 11. Per pair, $3.00 

Write for Complete Catalogue of All Athletic and Sporting Goods. 

A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

NEW YORK CHICAGO DENVER 




Jumping and 

Hurdling 

Shoes 

Jumping and Hurdling 
Shoe; fine kangaroo 
leather, hand-made; two 
spikes on heel. 

No. 14H. Per pair, $5.00 



Indoor 
RunningShoes 

Made with or without spikes. 

Fine leather, rubber tipped sole, 

with spikes. 

No. 111. Per pair, $3.50 

Leather shoe, rubber tipped, with 

spikes. 

No. 112. Per pair, $3.00 

Leather shoe, rubber tipped, no 

spikes. 

No. 114. Per pair, $2.50 

Handsomely Illustrated Catalogue of all Sports Mailed Free to any Address 




A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

NEW YORK CHICAGO DENVER 




&&& 



This Running Shoe is made of 
the finest kangaroo leather; ex- 
tremely light and glove-fitting; 
best English steel spikes firmly- 
riveted on. Worn by nearly all 
of America's fastest sprinters 
and distance runners. 

No. 2/0. Per pair, $5.00 



W$ 



ARTHUR DUFFEY— Holder of the world's record, 9 3-5s. for 100 yards, 
wears Spalding's Shoes in all his races. 

M. W. LONG — Holder of the world's 440 yards record; the American, English 
and International champion, wears Spalding's Shoes in all his races. 

B. J. WEFERS— The holder of the world's record for 220 yards, made his 
record with a pair of Spalding's Record Shoes. 

JOHN F. CREGAN — The Americam half-mile and Intercollegiate champion, 

and thousands of others attribute their success on the path to the fact 

that they had a well-fitting, light, serviceable shoe to wear. 

Nearly every American, Intercollegiate and Interscholastic record 
has been made when the contestant wore Spalding's Shoes. 

Write /or Complete Catalogue of All A thletic Sports. 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

NEW YORK CHICAGO DENVER 



Cross Country Shoes 




Finest Kangaroo Leather ; low broad heel, 
flexible shank, hand-sewed ; six spikes on 
sole; with or without spikes on heel. 

No. 14C. Per pair, $5.00 

Illustrated Catalogue of All Sports Mailed l<ree. 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

NEW YORK CHICAGO DENVER 




Quarter Sleeve Shirts 

Best Worsted, full fashioned stock colors. 

No. iF. Each, $2.75 

Cut Worsted, full fashioned, Navy, 
Black, Maroon. 

No. 601. Each, $1.25 

Sanitary Cotton, White, Navy, Black, 
Maroon. 

No. 6F. Each, 50c. 

Knee Tights 

Best Worsted, full fashioned, stock 
colors. 

No. iB. Per pair, $2.75 

Cut Worsted, full fashioned, Navy, 
Black and Maroon. 

No. 604. Per pair, $1.25 

Sanitary Cotton, White, Navy Black 
and Maroon. 

No. 4B. Per pair, 50c. 

Handsomely Illustrated Catalogue of all Sports Mailed Free to any Address 




A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

NEW YORK CHICAGO DENVER 



FULL STRIPED JERSEYS 




Full striped jerseys ; two inch stripes ; manufactured from hard twisted 
worsted, and closely woven, in the following combinations of colors: Orangp« and 
Black; Navy and White; Red and Black; Gray and Royal Blue; Royal Blue 
and White; Columbia Blue and White; Scarlet and White; Black and Royal 
Blue; Navy and Cardinal; Gray and Cardinal; Maroon and White. 
No. 10PS. Each, $3.00 

Furnished in same colors as No. 10PS, but collars and cuffs not striped. 
No. 12PS. Each, $2.25 

Our EXTRA QUALITY JERSEYS are made of the finest Australian 
Wool. Navy Blue, Black, Maroon. 



No. IP. 
No. IPS. 



Full fashioned, solid colors. 
Striped. 



Each, $4.00 
4.50 



Any other combination of colors than above, or different width stripe, to order 
only, and at advanced price. Quotations on application. 

Handsomely Illustrated Catalogue of all Sports Mailed Free. 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

NEW YORK' CHICAGO DENVER 



SHAKER SWEATERS 




We introduced these sweaters to fill a demand for as heavy a weight as our 
"Highest Quality" grade, but at a lower price, and after much experimenting, we 
are ifi a position to offer this line in the following colors only: Black, Navy 
Blue, Maroon, Gray or White, as follows: 



No. 1. Same weight as No. A. 
No. 2. Same weight as No. B. 
No. 3. Same weight as No. C. 

Sizes, 30 to 44. 



Each, $5.00 
4.00 
3 00 



STRIPED SWEATERS 

Same quality as No. 3. Sizes, 32 to 42, in following colors: Red and Black, 

Navy and Red, Orange and Black, Navy and White. 

No. 3S. Each, $3.50 

Stripes 2 inches wide, in above combinations of colors only. 

Illustrated Catalogue of all Sports Mailed Free. 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

NEW YORK CHICAGO DENVER 



; — ; i 

The Spalding " Highest Quality" 
Sweaters= = 




Made of the very finest 
Australian lamb's wool, and 
exceedingly soft and pleas- 
ant to wear. They are full 
fashioned to body and arms 
and without seams of any 
kind. The various grades 
in our "Highest Quality" 
Sweaters are identical in 
quality and finish, the dif- 
ference in price being due 
entirely to variations in 
weight. 

We call special attention 
to the "Intercollegiate" 
grade which was originally 
made by special order for 
the Yale foot ball eleven and 
is now exclusively used by 
all Intercollegiate players. 
They are considerably 
heavier than the heaviest 
sweater ever knitted and 
cannot be furnished by any 
other maker, as we have 
exclusive control of this 
special weight. 



No. A. "Intercollegiate," special weight, . . $6.00 

No. B. Heavy Weight 5.00 

No. C. Standard Weight, 4.00 

Colors: White, Navy Blue, Black, Gray and Maroon. Other colors to order at 

an advanced price. Prices on application. All made with 

10-inch collars; sizes, 28 to 44. 

STRIPED SWEATERS 

Same quality as our No. B. Sizes, 32 to 42 inches. Colors: Red and Black, 

Navy and Red, Orange and Black, Navy and White. Stripes 2 inches wide. 

No. BS. Each, $5.50 

Any other combination of colors to order only at an advanced price. 

Catalogue of Sporting and Athletic Goods free to any address. 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

NEW YORK CHICAGO DENVER 



SPALDING'S OLYMPIC DISCUS 




An exact reproduction of the discus used in the Olympic 
games at Athens, Greece, by Robert Garrett, of Princeton, the 
winner. Guaranteed absolutely correct. 

Olympic Discus. Price, $5.00 



COMPETITORS' NUMBERS 

Printed on Heavy Manila Paper or Strong Linen 




No. 1. 
No. 2. 
No. 3. 
No. 4. 
No. 5. 
No. 6. 



Nos. 
Nos. 
Nos. 
Nos. 
Nos. 
Nos. 



1 to 50 
1 to 75 
1 to IOO 
I to 150 
I to 200 
1 to 250 



Manila 

Per set, $ .50 

• 75 

44 1. 00 

1.50 

44 2.00 

" 2.50 



Linen 

$ 2.50 

3-75 

5.OO 

7-50 
IO.OO 
12.50 



Athletic Emblems, Grips, and everything needed by the athlete for 
all sports will be found in our complete catalogue, copy of which 
will be mailed free to any address. 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

NEW YORK CHICAGO DENVER 




SPALDING'S 

ATHLETIC 

GOODS 




No. 19. 16-lb. lead, $2.50 

No. 21. 12-lb. lead. 2.25 

No. 23. 16-lb. iron. 1. 00 

No. 25. 12-lb. iron. .75 



INDOOR SHOT 

With our improved leather cover. 

No. 3. 12-lb Each, $7-oo 

No. 4. 16-lb. . 8.50 



SPALDING'S HAMMER CIRCLE 

Made in accordance with the new regulations, as adopted by the A. A. U. 

for governing the hammer contest. 



A full line of up-to-date athletic implements will be found in 
our complete catalogue. Mailed free to any address. 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

NEW YORK CHICAGO DENVER 



SPALDING'S VAULTING STANDARDS 



Our Standards will meet all requirements and are the ones that have been 
used in the principal athletic contests for many years past. The No. 109 is 
adjustable to 11 feet, and has quarter-inch graduations, price $15.00. Our No. 
110 is adjustable to 10 feet, with inch graduations, price $10.00. The 111 is 
adjustable to 7 feet, with inch graduations, price $7.00. 



Everything pertaining to athletics will be found in our complete 
catalogue, a copy of which will be mailed free to any address. 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

NEW YORK CHICAGO DENVER 




SPALDING'S 

ATHLETIC 

GOODS 

SHOT 




No. 19. 16-lb. lead. $2.50 

No. 21. 12-lb. lead. 2.25 

No. 23. 16-lb. iron. 1.00 

No. 25. 12-lb. iron. .75 



INDOOR SHOT 

With our improved leather cover. 

No. 3. 12-lb Each, $7.00 

No. 4. 16-lb " 8.50 



SPALDING'S HAMMER CIRCLE 

Made in accordance with the new regulations, as adopted by the A. A. U. 
for governing the hammer contest. See page 67. 



A full line of up-to-date athletic implements will be found in 
our complete catalogue. Mailed free to any address. 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

NEW YORK CHICAGO DENVER 



SPALDING'S 
REGULATION VAULTING POLES, 




SELECTED SPRUCE. 



No. 
No. 
No. 

No. 



IOO. 
IOI. 
I02. 
IO3. 



8 feet long, solid, 
10 feet long, solid, 
12 feet long, solid, 
14 feet long, solid, 



Each, $3.00 
•« 4.00 
" 5-oo 
•' 6.00 



HOLLOW SPRUCE POLES. 



Considerably lighter than the solid poles, and the special 
preparation with which we fill the interior of the pole greatly in- 
creases the strength and stiffness. 

No. 200. 8 feet long, hollow, . . . Each, $8.00 

No. 201. 10 feet long, hollow, ... "8.50 

No. 202. 12 feet long, hollow, ... •' 9.00 

No. 203. 14 feet long, hollow, ... «« 9.50 

Complete Catalogue of all Athletic Sports mailed free to any address. 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

NEW YORK CHICAGO DENVER 



SPALDING'S WORLD'S RECORD 

REGULATION 56-LB. WEIGHTS, 




Each weight is put ' in box, complete, with two sets of 
handles, for one or two hands. 



No. I. Iron 56-lb. weights, complete, 
No. 2. Lead 56-lb. weights, complete, 



$7.00 
8.50 



Our 56-lb. weight is the one used and designed by Mr. J. S< 
Mitchel, who still holds the world's record, and which was made 
with the above style weight. 

Complete Catalogue of all Athletic Sports mailed free. 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

NEW YORK CHICAGO DENVER 



Information 
Bureau 



OF g PORTS AND 
^^ p ASTIMES 



WE have a well equipped Informa- 
tion Bureau, which is at the dis- 
posal of all the readers of Spalding's 
Athletic Library. We are prepared to 
answer all questions and give informa- 
tion concerning sports and pastimes. If 
there is anything you want to know, 
write us: how to build an athletic track, 
how to build a gymnasium, how to build 
a bowling alley, how to conduct a field 
meeting, how to organize an athletic 
club. If you want a trainer for any 
branch of sport, write us; or if a trainer 
wants a position, let him file his name 
with us. If you want to lay out a golf 
course, we can put you in touch with 
the parties who can do it. If you want 
a Golf Instructor, we can find you one. 
It is immaterial on what sport the in- 
formation is desired, we can inform 



you. 



J. E. SULLIVAN 

President 






A. G. Spalding cSc Bros. 

Gentlemen — I wish to thank 
you for the perfect shoes and 
boxing gloves that you furnished 
me for my fight with Mr. Fits 
simmons, and also to give you 
my endorsement for the superb 
quality of these goods. I shall 
expect to use them in all my 
future contests. 

Yours very truly, 



\**M***** < m **r*,r*i ■ ******** ******* ******** ******** m * . > . ***************% 

\ Handsomely Illustrated Catalogue of Athletic } 

***\ Goods Mailed Free to any Address. j 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 



NEW YORK 

BUFFALO 



CHICAGO 



DENVER 
BALTIMORE 




Rose Villa, Bensonhurst, N. Y., Feb. 15, 1902. 
A. G. Spalding & Bros. 

Gentlemen— You no doubt have seen by the Associated Press dispatches 
that I am matched with James J. Jeffries to contest for the championship of 
the world during the month of May, next. I am going to make an earnest 
fffort to win back the championship, and want to be in fine fettle when I 
enitr the ring. I have always used your gloves in every important battle, 
and as I can find nothing that can compare with the Spalding gloves and 
striking bags you make, I want you to forward at once a set of (5) ounce 
" Specials," and a set of the ten-ounce training gloves. 

I am going to have Gus Ruhlin assist me in training, and when I get well 
under way, will forward an additional order, so that I may not be handicapped 
for want of apparatus. 

Kindly forward bill, and I will send a New York draft to balance account. 
With regards, 

Yours very truly, 



rfhdj flcAstWMsX' 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

NEW YORK CHICAGO DENVER 

BUFFALO BALTIMORE 



A. G. Spalding & Bros. 

Gentlemen — I have carefully 
inspected the glove you are man- 
ufacturing, called the "Spalding 
Special" Contest Glove, and after 
a thorough examination must con- 
fess it is by far the most com- 
fortable glove I have ever had on 
my hand. It possesses all the 
requirements and I am fully satis- 
fied it will gain universal recog- 
nition and will be adopted by all 
the promoters throughout the 
country. The idea of being 
made of special kid leather, and 
also being lined with a special 
tanned perspiration proof leather, 
makes it doubly strong, for it 
can stand any amount of rough 
usage without becoming unfit for 
use, as in most instances, after a 
glove becomes wet with perspir- 
ation, it stretches and gets out of 
shape and is utterly worthless. 
I gave the glove a thorough 
trial and am confident you have 
hit the nail on the head, and have no 
article in question to 
those who are inter- 
ested. 

Yours very truly, 





Copyright, iqot, by J. Hall, 
1456 Broadway, New York. 

hesitancy in recommending the 

£/ Featherweight Cha, 

pion of the World. 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS 

CHICAGO 



NEW YORK 

BUFFALO 



DENVER 
BALTIMORE 




Messrs. A. G. Spalding & Bros. 

Gentlemen — After a careful trial, taking everything into consideration, I 
have no hesitancy in saying that the five-ounce Contest Gloves, made by 
you, are the best I have ever seen or used. I showed them to Mike Donovan 
of the New York Athletic Club, and Bob Armstrong, and they, too, pro- 
nounce them great. The idea of their being leather lined, and the new 
thumb, are a big advantage, as it enables one to hit without endangering 
his hands, and especially one who hits as hard as I do, is far less liable to 
hurt his hands, when properly fitted with gloves. 

The striking bag is what the " doctor ordered," and you cannot improve 
on it. It is fast, durable and perfect in every way and you are to be con- 
gratulated on perfecting the articles in question. 

Wishing you success, I remain, 

Very truly yours, 



A, G. SPALDING & BROS. 

NEW YORK CHICAGO DENVER 

BUFFALO BALTIMORE 




Messrs. A. G. Spalding & Bros. 

Gentlemen : Received the express package containing set of 
five-ounce Contest Gloves and the hand-sewed striking bag. To 
make a long story short, will say that they are simply perfect. 
The gloves are made of the nicest material I have ever used in 
my long career, and I am satisfied that the oil-tanned leather will 
be a great improvement, and that the inter-lining will add greatly 
to the durability and strength of the gloves 

I will most certainly use them in all my contests, for it is 
almost an impossibility to hurt one's hands when encased in a 
glove made on these lines. 

The bag is a marvel for speed and answers all the requirements, 
being light, perfectly shaped and durable. 

I heartily recommend both articles as the best of tne kind I 
have ever used. 

Very truly yours, 




Middle-weight Champ 



ion of the World. 



A. G, SPALDING & BROS. 

NEW YORK CHICAGO DENVER 

BUFFALO BALTIMORE 



The Amateur Athletic 
Union of the United States 
is the body that governs 
amateur boxing in Amer- 
ica, and each year holds a 
tournament to decide the 
different championships. 

It is always the desire 
of the committee to select 
the best gloves possible 
for such contests, and it 
is particularly gratifying 
to state that Spalding's 
Championship Gloves 
have been selected as the 
official championship 
gloves, and have been 
used by the Amateur Ath- 
letic Union in all contests 
held by it since its organ- 
ization in i; 




A. A 



EMERY PAINE, 

U. Champion Heavyweight. 



Spalding's Handsomely Illustrated Catalogue of 
Athletic Sports Mailed Free to any Address. 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

NEW YORK CHICAGO 

BUFFALO 



DENVER 
BALTIMORE 



WE invite the attention of boxers and athletes 
generally to the fact that we have spent a 
quarter of a century in perfecting athletic 
paraphernalia of the highest possible quality, and 
you are absolutely sure of the best when you secure 
an article bearing our trade mark. The highest 
tribute of praise ever given us is that we are 
IMITATED (though unsuccessfully), and again, you 
are offered an article with the statement "It is just 
as good as Spalding's. " 

IN buying boxing gloves, striking bags, baseballs, 
foot balls, sweaters, shoes, or any article for 
athletes, look for our trade-mark, and if it is 
not on the article, do not accept it, unless you are 
indifferent about the results. Remember always 
that SPALDING'S IS THE STANDARD. If your 
dealer does not have our goods, send direct to us. 




Catalogue sent free. Send for one. Visit our stores. 
Allow us to serve you for your wants. 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

NEW YORK CHICAGO DENVER 

BUFFALO BALTIMORE 



Spalding's Double End Bags- 




No. 6. Extra fine olive tanned leather cover, double stitched, welted seams, 
and reinforced one-piece top. Extra well made throughout. . . Each, $4.00 

No. 5. Regulation size, specially tanned glove leather cover, one-piece top, 
welted seams, double stitched and substantially made. . . . Each, $3 50 

No. A l /2. Regulation size, fine maroon tanned leather, one-piece top and welted 
seams. Well finished throughout Each, $3.00 

No. 4. Regulation size, fine grain leather cover and well made throughout, one- 
piece top, reinforced, double stitched. Each, $2.50 

No. 3. Regulation size, substantial red leather cover, one-piece top, reinforced 
and welted seams Each, $2.00 

No. 2 l A. Medium size, good quality dark olive tanned leather, well put to- 
gether, one-piece top and welted seams Each, $1.50 

No. 2. Medium size, good light russet tanned leather, substantially made, two- 
piece top, double stitched Each, $1.00 

Each bag complete in box, with bladder, rubber cord for 
floor, and rope for ceiling attachment 

Handsomely Illustrated Catalogue Mailed Free to any Address 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

NEW YORK CHICAGO DENVER 

BUFFALO BALTIMORE 




New 



Spalding's 
Regulation 



Bags 



New Regulation Style, olive tanned 
leather cover, double stitched, one- 
piece top and welted seams; reinforced 
loop. This bag is particularly adapted 
for cpuick work. 

No. 12. Each, $4.00 

New Regulation Style, made of spe- 
cially tanned glove leather, substan- 
tially put together, one-piece top and 
welted seams, double stitched and re- 
inforced throughout. 

No. 10. Complete in box. Each, $3.00 

New Regulation Style, made of fine maroon tanned leather; 
well finished one-piece top and welted seams. 

No, 17. Complete in box. Each, $2.50 

New Regulation Style, extra fine grain leather cover; one- 
piece top and well made throughout. 

No. 16. Complete in box. Each, $2.00 

New Regulation Style, olive tanned leather cover, with one- 
piece top and welted seams. 

No. 15. Complete in box. Each, $1.50 

New Regulation Style, light russet tanned leather cover; 
one-piece top and welted seams. 

No. 14. Complete in box. Each, $1.00 



Handsomely Illustrated Catalogue Mailed Free to any 
Address 



A. G, SPALDING & BROS. 

NEW YORK CHICAGO DENVER 

BUFFALO BALTIMORE 



JAN 2 1903 



Spalding's Boxing Gloves — 




No. 35. Corbett Pattern 



YOUTHS'— ALL STYLES, PADDED 
WITH HAIR 

No. 45. Youths' Championship Glove, Corbett Pattern, 
fine quality olive tanned leather, extra well finished and 
double stitched. Patent palm lacing and patent palm 
grip Per set, $2.50 

No. 35. Youths' size, Corbett Pattern, soft craven tan 
leather, well padded, patent palm lacing and patent palm 
grip Per set, $2.00 

No. 30. Youths' size, Corbett Pattern, soft tanned leather, 
patent palm la*cing. .... Per set, $1.75 



Handsomely Illustrated Catalogue Mailed Free to any 
Address 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

NEW YORK CHICAGO DENVER 

BUFFALO BALTIMORE 



PUBLISHED 

MONTHLY 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



PRICE 
TEN CENTS 




N<>. II-.' Physical /'raining Simplified By 
Prof. E. I:. Warman, the well-known physical 
culture expert, is a complete, thorough and prac- 
tical book w here the whole man is con.Mdered — 
brain and body. No apparatus required. 

No. 143— Indian Clubs and 
Dumb-Bells. Written by J. 11. 
Dougherty, amateur champion 
"I America. Clearly illustrated. 
No. 144— -Hoiv to Punch the 
Bag One of the Lest of indoor 
ex< n ises. Every movement 
shown. 

No. 145— Official Athletic Almanac. Com- 
piled by J. E. Sullivan, Secretary-Treasurer of 
the Amateur Athletic Union. It is the only an- 
nual publication now issued tbat contains a com- 
plete list of amateur best-on-records. Contents 
also comprise photos of leading athletes, with a 
a list of champions since 1876. 

No. 146 -Hoiv to Play Poller Polo. Contains 
the "Hi, ial iules, how to play the different posi- 
tions, pictures of leading players and officials. 
No. 147' — Indoor Base Ball. Contains 
playing rules, pictures of leading teams, 
special articles, including one on in- 
door base ball for women. 

No. 148— Offi ial Rogue Guide. The 
official publication of the National 
Roque Association. 

No. 149— How to Take Care of the 
A book for all who value health. 
150— Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide. 
Edited by Henry Chadwick, the " Father of 
Base Ball," is the official publication of base 
ball. Complete records, pictures of champion 
teams, official rules and an article on "Base Ball 
( lovernment of the Future," by A. G. Spalding. 
No. 151 — Spalding 3 s Laiun /'ru- 
nts Annual. Compiled by J. 
Family Faret. Contains the official 
statistics, photographs of leading 
players, special articles on how to 
play the game and a review of im- 
portant tournaments, official rules, 
useful articles on the management 
of tournaments, instructions for the handicapper, 
and other valuable information. 

No. 152 — Table Tennis. Table tennis is now 
the rage, and how to play it is told very ac< u- 
rately with strokes shown by an expert. 

No. 153— Offic al Intercollegiate A .. I. A. Hand- 
book. Contains official rules that govern inter- 
collegiate events and all intercollegiate records. 
No. 154 — English Field Hockey. To those in 
need of vigorous and healthful out-of-doors ex- 
ercise, the game is recommended highly. Its 
healthful attributes are manifold and the in- 
terest of player and spectator alike is kept active 
throughout the progress of the game. 





No. 155 - How to Ptay Golf. 

Photographic interview with Jas. 

Braid, champion of England. H- ~ 
Vardon tells how to play the game, / \\J 
with illustrations; rules, pictures. 
No. 150 - Athletes' Guide. One 
of the most complete on the subject 
that has ever appeared Valuable advice, im- 
portant A. A. U. rules and their explanations, 
how to train, etc. The illustrations compris' 
many exclusive photos showing champions in 
action. 

No. 157— How to Play Lawn Tennis. By J 
I'armly 1'aret. A complete description of la 
tennis is found in this book; a history of t 
game; a lesson for beginners and instruct" 
for making every stroke. 

No. 158 — Indoor and Outdoor Gymt. 
Games. Compiled by Prof. A. M. Cheslev 
well known Y.M.C.A. physical director. ' 
able to indoor and outdoor gymnasiums, scl 
outings, and gatherings where there are a 
ber to he amused. Contains instructir 
over 100 games. 

No. 159— Official Foot Ball 
Guide. Edited by Walter Camp. 

The only publication containing 

the official rules under which 

every game is played. Besides 

the illustrations of leading teams 

(embracing portraits of over 2,500 

players), it contains a fund of general foot be 

formation for beginners, spectators and ex 

No. 160— Official Basket Ball Guide, i 
Hepbron. Photos of the leading amate' 
basket ball in the East and West, off 

No. 1G1 — Ten Minutes" Exercise J 
Man. By Dr. Luther Gulick, one of 
exponents of physical culture. / 
complete course of physical educ 
use which renders it unnecessai 
advice in order to become healtt 
The book was published to sur 
so-called schools of physical e< 

No. 162-/ 

Boxer. A b 

fulfil all den- 
pages of 
I the lat 




grapns 
mer am 

arrange 
become proficient b 
closely. Photograph^ 
boxers is a feature, 
em all contests. I 

No. 163— How 
Karpf, Secretary 

gress. Official r 



Numbers omitted on ^bove list h 



been renumbered ar 



AMERICAN SPORTS PUBLISHING CO. 

See inside page of front cover for a- 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




-^«f 



•s a fac-simile of the grand prize awarded to A. G. Spalding & Bros, for the 

I id most complete line of athletic goods exhibited at the Universal Expo- 
Paris, 1900. We have brought this medal to America in competition with 
:ading makers of the world. It is the highest award given for any exhibit 
and is exclusively granted for the best goods in that particular class. 




Goods were used exclusively in all the athletic events in the 
^ Vmerican Exposition in 1901. Spalding's athletic goods are 
nd officially recognized as such h'\ the leading governing 
NEW YORK bodies. 

RTJF1 

<hcial League Base Ball, li*v, Jlegiate Foot Ball, 

"~ Association Foot Ball, Basket 'Ball. Indoor Base 

'all, Boxing Gloves, Athletic Implements. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




005 900 771 3 



